scholarly journals Infant Survival Among Free-Living Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata) in South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-236
Author(s):  
Małgorzata E. Arlet ◽  
Krishna N. Balasubramaniam ◽  
Rajarshi Saha ◽  
Brianne Beisner ◽  
Pascal R. Marty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Macaca Radiata ◽  
Infant Survival ◽  
Female Reproductive Success ◽  
Bonnet Macaques ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractFemale reproductive success depends to a large extent on infants’ ability to survive to maturity. While most studies of female reproductive success have focused on the effects of individuals’ sociodemographic factors (e.g., age/parity, dominance rank) on offspring survival among wild primates living in less disturbed habitats, little research has focused on offspring survival in urban or periurban animals. Here we investigated sociodemographic and anthropogenic determinants of infant survival (up to 1 yr of age) in free-ranging bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) living in a periurban environment in Southern India. We conducted the study from November 2016 to May 2018, on two groups of bonnet macaques at the Thenmala tourist site in the state of Kerala. Fifty infants were born across two birth seasons. Of these infants, 29.2% died or disappeared in 2017 and 26.9% died or disappeared in 2018. We found that infant survival was strongly influenced by the mother’s parity: infants of experienced mothers had a better chance of survival than those of first-time mothers. We also found that male infants were more likely to die than female infants. However, we found no effects of mothers’ dominance rank, or of frequency of mothers’ interactions with humans and time spent foraging on anthropogenic food, on infant survival. Our results, consistent with findings from other wild primate species, show that even in challenging human-impacted environments, experienced bonnet macaque mothers have greater success than inexperienced ones.

scholarly journals Endoparasitic Prevalence of Urban Free Ranging Bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) in Coonoor Town, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu: A Transversal Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manick Sundar B ◽  
Boon Allwin ◽  
Stalin Vedamanickam ◽  
Anjana Mohanraj ◽  
Bharath Jothi S
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Macaca Radiata ◽  
Bonnet Macaques ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Transversal Study

scholarly journals Division of Labor in Hand Usage Is Associated with Higher Hand Performance in Free-Ranging Bonnet Macaques,Macaca radiata

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhur Mangalam ◽  
Nisarg Desai ◽  
Mewa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Macaca Radiata ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Reaching Task ◽  
Bonnet Macaques ◽  
Hand Performance ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Performance Differentiation

A practical approach to understanding lateral asymmetries in body, brain, and cognition would be to examine the performance advantages/disadvantages associated with the corresponding functions and behavior. In the present study, we examined whether the division of labor in hand usage, marked by the preferential usage of the two hands across manual operations requiring maneuvering in three-dimensional space (e.g., reaching for food, grooming, and hitting an opponent) and those requiring physical strength (e.g., climbing), as described by Mangalam et al. [1], is associated with higher hand performance in free-ranging bonnet macaques, Macaca radiata. We determined the extent to which (a) the macaques exhibit laterality in hand usage in an experimental unimanual and a bimanual food-reaching task, and (b) manual laterality is associated with hand performance in an experimental hand-performance-differentiation task. We found strong negative relationships between (a) the performance of the preferred hand in the hand-performance-differentiation task (measured as the latency in food extraction; lower latency = higher performance), the preferred hand determined using the bimanual food-reaching task, and the normalized difference in the performance between the two hands (measured as the difference in the latency in food extraction between them normalized by the latency in food extraction using the preferred hand), and (b) the normalized difference in the performance between the two hands and the manual specialization (measured as the absolute difference in the laterality in hand usage between the unimanual and the bimanual food-reaching tasks; lesser difference = higher manual specialization). These observations demonstrate that the division of labor between the two hands is associated with higher hand performance.

Division of labor in hand usage in free-ranging bonnet macaques,Macaca radiata

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhur Mangalam ◽  
Nisarg Desai ◽  
Mewa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Macaca Radiata ◽  
Bonnet Macaques ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Polyandrous females benefit by producing sons that achieve high reproductive success in a competitive environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1719) ◽  
pp. 2823-2831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée C. Firman
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Good Genes ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Female Reproductive Success ◽  
Selection History ◽  
Free Ranging

Females of many taxa often copulate with multiple males and incite sperm competition. On the premise that males of high genetic quality are more successful in sperm competition, it has been suggested that females may benefit from polyandry by accruing ‘good genes’ for their offspring. Laboratory studies have shown that multiple mating can increase female fitness through enhanced embryo viability, and have exposed how polyandry influences the evolution of the ejaculate. However, such studies often do not allow for both female mate choice and male–male competition to operate simultaneously. Here, I took house mice (Mus domesticus ) from selection lines that had been evolving with (polygamous) and without (monogamous) sperm competition for 16 generations and, by placing them in free-ranging enclosures for 11 weeks, forced them to compete for access to resources and mates. Parentage analyses revealed that female reproductive success was not influenced by selection history, but there was a significant paternity bias towards males from the polygamous selection lines. Therefore, I show that female house mice benefit from polyandry by producing sons that achieve increased fitness in a semi-natural environment.

Altruism Among Female Macaca Radiata: Explanations and Analysis of Patterns of Grooming and Coalition Formation

Behaviour ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 79 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 162-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan B. Silk
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Macaca Radiata ◽  
Bonnet Macaques ◽  
Lower Ranking ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

AbstractAnalysis of the observed patterns of two forms of putative altruism (grooming and coalition formation) among adult female members of a group of captive bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) indicates that both kinship and dominance rank influence the distribution and rate of these behaviors. Females groom their adult relatives more often and more reciprocally than they groom unrelated females of similar ranks. In addition, females are more likely to support their relatives than nonrelatives and are likely to incur greater risks when they do so. Grooming and coalition formation do not occur exclusively among kin. Females primarily groom higher ranking females and support unrelated females against females lower ranking than themselves. Although females do not preferentially support unrelated females that groom or support them most, they do refrain from harassing lower ranking females that are currently grooming them or a female higher ranking than themselves. Thus, by grooming a higher ranking female a female reduces the probability that she will be harassed by other females. The relationship of these results to predictions derived from several different sociobiological hypotheses is discussed.

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