Inattentive Behavior in Boys with ADHD during Classroom Instruction: the Mediating Role of Working Memory Processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Orban ◽  
Mark D. Rapport ◽  
Lauren M. Friedman ◽  
Samuel J. Eckrich ◽  
Michael J. Kofler
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Mediating Role

Cognition in Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Consequences May Be Relative to Working Memory

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 938-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay I. Berrigan ◽  
Jo-Anne LeFevre ◽  
Laura M. Rees ◽  
Jason Berard ◽  
Mark S. Freedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Disease Stages

AbstractThe Relative Consequence Model proposes multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have a fundamental deficit in processing speed that compromises other cognitive functions. The present study examined the mediating role of processing speed, as well as working memory, in the MS-related effects on other cognitive functions for early relapsing-remitting patients. Seventy relapsing-remitting MS patients with disease duration not greater than 10 years and 72 controls completed tasks assessing processing speed, working memory, learning, and executive functioning. The possible mediating roles of speed and working memory in the MS-related effects on other cognitive functions were evaluated using structural equation modeling. Processing speed was not significantly related to group membership and could not have a mediating role. Working memory was related to group membership and functioned as a mediating/intervening factor. The results do not support the Relative Consequence Model in this sample and they challenge the notion that working memory impairment only emerges at later disease stages. The results do support a mediating/intervening role of working memory. These results were obtained for early relapsing-remitting MS patients and should not be generalized to the broader MS population. Instead, future research should examine the relations that exist at other disease stages. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–12)

Propranolol reduces emotional distraction in working memory: A partial mediating role of propranolol-induced cortisol increases?

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Y.L. Oei ◽  
Marieke S. Tollenaar ◽  
Bernet M. Elzinga ◽  
Philip Spinhoven
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Emotional Distraction

scholarly journals Early adolescent sexual debut: The mediating role of working memory ability, sensation seeking, and impulsivity.

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1416-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atika Khurana ◽  
Daniel Romer ◽  
Laura M. Betancourt ◽  
Nancy L. Brodsky ◽  
Joan M. Giannetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Memory Ability ◽  
Mediating Role

scholarly journals Letter and Colour Matching Tasks: Parametric Measures of Developmental Working Memory Capacity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara L. Powell ◽  
Marie Arsalidou ◽  
Vanessa M. Vogan ◽  
Margot J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Interference Condition ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

We investigated the mediating role of interference in developmental assessments of working memory (WM) capacity across childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. One hundred and forty-two participants completed two versions of visuospatial (colour matching task, CMT) and verbal (letter matching task, LMT) WM tasks, which systematically varied cognitive load in a high and low interference condition. Results showed similar developmental trajectories across high interference contexts (CMT- and LMT-Complex) and divergent developmental growth patterns across low interference contexts (CMT- and LMT-Simple). Performance on tasks requiring greater cognitive control was in closer agreement with developmental predictions relative to simple recall guided tasks that rely solely on the storage components of WM. These findings suggest that developmental WM capacity, as measured by the CMT and LMT paradigms, can be better quantified using high interference contexts, in both content domains, and demonstrate steady increases in WM through to mid-adolescence.

A Role for Spatial and Nonspatial Working Memory Processes in Visual Search

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine J. Anderson ◽  
Sabira K. Mannan ◽  
Geraint Rees ◽  
Petroc Sumner ◽  
Christopher Kennard
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Retention Interval ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Task Conditions

Searching a cluttered visual scene for a specific item of interest can take several seconds to perform if the target item is difficult to discriminate from surrounding items. Whether working memory processes are utilized to guide the path of attentional selection during such searches remains under debate. Previous studies have found evidence to support a role for spatial working memory in inefficient search, but the role of nonspatial working memory remains unclear. Here, we directly compared the role of spatial and nonspatial working memory for both an efficient and inefficient search task. In Experiment 1, we used a dual-task paradigm to investigate the effect of performing visual search within the retention interval of a spatial working memory task. Importantly, by incorporating two working memory loads (low and high) we were able to make comparisons between dual-task conditions, rather than between dual-task and single-task conditions. This design allows any interference effects observed to be attributed to changes in memory load, rather than to nonspecific effects related to “dual-task” performance. We found that the efficiency of the inefficient search task declined as spatial memory load increased, but that the efficient search task remained efficient. These results suggest that spatial memory plays an important role in inefficient but not efficient search. In Experiment 2, participants performed the same visual search tasks within the retention interval of visually matched spatial and verbal working memory tasks. Critically, we found comparable dual-task interference between inefficient search and both the spatial and nonspatial working memory tasks, indicating that inefficient search recruits working memory processes common to both domains.

scholarly journals Mediating Role of Cerebellar Subregion Volume in the Relationship Between Gait Speed and Working Memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyeon Won ◽  
Daniel D. Callow ◽  
Jeremy J. Purcell ◽  
J. Carson Smith
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction: The relationship between gait speed and working memory is well-understood in older adults. However, it remains to be determined whether this relationship also exists in younger adults; and there is little known regarding the possible neural mechanism underlying the association between gait speed and working memory. The aims of this study are to determine if there is: 1) an association between gait speed and working memory performance; and 2) a mediating role of cerebellar subregion volume in the correlation between gait speed and working memory in healthy younger adults.Methods: 1054 younger adults (28.7±3.6 years) from the Human Connectome Project were included in the analyses. A four-meter gait test was used to assess gait speed. The N-back task was conducted to measure working memory performance [accuracy and response time(RT)]. T1-weighted structural MRI data (obtained using Siemens 3T MRI scanner) was used to assess cerebellar subregion volumes. Linear regression and mediation analysis were used to examine the relationships between the variables after controlling for age, sex, and education. Results: Faster gait speed was associated with faster working memory RT in younger adults. Greater cerebellar subregion volumes were associated with faster gait speed and better working memory performance. Faster gait speed was correlated with faster working memory RT through greater volume of cerebellar region VIIIa. Conclusions: The present study suggests faster gait speed is associated with faster RT during working memory tasks in younger individuals. The specific subregion of the cerebellum (VIIIa) may serve as an important neural basis linking gait speed and working memory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document