scholarly journals Children’s Reward and Punishment Sensitivity Moderates the Association of Negative and Positive Parenting Behaviors in Child ADHD Symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1585-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Li
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Child Adhd ◽  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
Reward And Punishment

scholarly journals Children’s Sensitivity to Reward Moderates the Association of Negative and Positive Parenting Behaviors in Child ADHD Symptoms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Janford Li
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Parenting Behavior ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Negative Parenting ◽  
Child Adhd ◽  
Reward And Punishment

Atypical reward processing, including abnormal sensitivity to reward and punishment, has long been implicated in the etiology of ADHD. However, little is known about how these facets of behavior interact with positive (e.g., warmth, praise) and negative (e.g., hostility, harsh discipline) parenting behavior in the early expression of ADHD symptoms in young children. Understanding the interplay between children’s reward processing and parenting may be crucial for identifying specific treatment targets in psychosocial interventions for ADHD, especially given that not all children benefit from contingency-based treatments (e.g., parent management training). The study consisted of a community sample of kindergarten children (N = 184, 55% male) and their parents, who completed questionnaires about their parenting practices, their child’s behaviors and participated in an observed parent-child play task in the laboratory. Results showed that children’s sensitivity to reward and punishment were positively associated with child ADHD symptoms. Children’s sensitivity to reward significantly moderated the association of negative and positive parent behaviors on child ADHD symptoms. Children with high sensitivity to reward were less sensitive to variations in parental behavior, whereas children with low sensitivity to reward exhibited fewer ADHD symptoms under conditions of high global (i.e., self-reported) positive parenting, low global negative parenting and low observed negativity. Children’s sensitivity to punishment did not moderate the associations between positive and negative parenting behaviors and child ADHD symptoms. Results provide evidence that atypical reward processing may be an important of marker of risk for ADHD, but also highlights how children’s responses to positive and negative parenting behavior may vary by children’s reward processing. Clinical and treatment implications are discussed.

scholarly journals A Smartphone-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment of Parental Behavioral Consistency: Associations with Parental Stress and Child ADHD Symptoms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Janford Li ◽  
Jennifer E. Lansford
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Child Adhd ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Inconsistent parental discipline is a robust correlate of child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, but few studies have considered the role of inconsistent positive parenting on ADHD, as well as the effects of stress on negative and positive parental consistency. This study advanced a novel ecological momentary assessment (EMA) using participant smartphones to measure parental consistency, and examined its associations with family, social and parenting-related dimensions of stress and child ADHD symptoms. Participants were 184 kindergartners with and without ADHD and their parents. Harsh and warm dimensions of parental behavior were assessed using questionnaires, observations, and an EMA administered through parents’ smartphones, which measured parent-child behaviors every day for a period of one week. Family, social and parenting-related stress were assessed from questionnaires, and child ADHD symptoms were assessed from a fully structured diagnostic interview with the parent. Child ADHD symptoms were associated with variability in warm parenting behaviors, and higher levels of parenting-related stress were related to greater variability in harsh parenting behaviors. No significant interactions were detected between parental stress and child ADHD on parental variability. These findings suggest that different factors influence the consistency in parenting behavior, depending on whether positive parenting or negative parenting is assessed. Parent-based treatment programs for children with ADHD should include a stronger focus on reducing stress from parenting (e.g., teaching coping skills for parents), as this may lead to greater consistency in parental behavior more generally, and presumably better child outcomes.

scholarly journals Parenting behavior and child ADHD

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
James Janford Li
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Parenting Behavior ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Negative Parenting ◽  
Child Adhd ◽  
Adhd Treatment ◽  
Reward Responsivity

Objective: Parenting behavior is a well-established correlate of offspring ADHD. Yet, little is known about how parenting exerts its effects on offspring ADHD. We examined whether prospective associations between positive and negative parenting behaviors and child ADHD symptoms are mediated by deficits in child executive function (EF) and reward responsivity (RR). Method: A total of 135 children, with and without ADHD were assessed at mean ages 6 and 8. Children completed tasks on EF, and parents completed questionnaires about their parenting, and their children’s RR and children’s ADHD symptoms. Results: Negative parenting (but not positive parenting) was indirectly associated with offspring ADHD subtypes via the effects of Wave 1 EF and RR at Wave 2. Conclusion: Individual differences in EF and RR during the early childhood years may constitute a potential pathway by which negative parenting behaviors exerts its effects on subsequent offspring ADHD. Treatment implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Reward and Punishment Sensitivity are Associated with Cross-disorder Traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 113795
Author(s):  
Christel M. Portengen ◽  
Emma Sprooten ◽  
Marcel P. Zwiers ◽  
Pieter J. Hoekstra ◽  
Andrea Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
Reward And Punishment

scholarly journals The impact of preschool child and maternal attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms on mothers’ perceived chronic stress and hair cortisol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Szép ◽  
Nadine Skoluda ◽  
Susan Schloß ◽  
Katja Becker ◽  
Ursula Pauli-Pott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Child Adhd ◽  
Maternal Adhd

AbstractProviding care for a child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with parenting stress. Moreover, adults with elevated ADHD symptoms report increased perceived stress. Despite this, it has rarely been examined whether and how child and maternal ADHD symptoms may affect maternal perceived stress and the stress-sensitive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. This study therefore investigated the possible impact of child and maternal ADHD symptoms on mothers' perceived chronic stress and hair cortisol concentration (HCC), while simultaneously considering the effects of child oppositional defiant/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) and maternal depressive symptomatology. In total, 124 mothers (35.96 ± 5.21 years) of preschool children were included. Maternal perceived stress, ADHD and depressive symptoms were assessed using self-report measures. Child ADHD symptoms were assessed using an interview and questionnaires completed by mothers and teachers. Additionally, mothers provided information about their children’s ODD/CD symptoms. Hair samples were taken from mothers to assess HCC. Child and maternal ADHD, child ODD/CD, and maternal depressive symptoms accounted for 50% of the variance in perceived chronic stress (F(4, 119) = 30.24; p < 0.01), with only maternal ADHD (β = 0.52, p < 0.01) and depressive symptoms (β = 0.49, p < 0.01) being uniquely significant. Maternal ADHD symptoms did not moderate the relationship between child ADHD symptoms and maternal perceived chronic stress (b = − 0.01; SE b = 0.17; t(5, 118) = − 0.05; p = 0.96). Mother’s age became the only significant predictor of maternal HCC (β = 0.29; p < 0.01). Based on these findings, practitioners are advised to be aware of and take into account possible maternal ADHD and depressive symptomatology and perceived chronic stress when treating children diagnosed with ADHD.

Child ADHD and ODD Behavior Interacts with Parent ADHD Symptoms to Worsen Parenting and Interparental Communication

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T. Wymbs ◽  
Frances A. Wymbs ◽  
Anne E. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Child Adhd

scholarly journals DNA methylation profiles at birth and child ADHD symptoms

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina H. van Mil ◽  
Régine P.M. Steegers-Theunissen ◽  
Marieke I. Bouwland-Both ◽  
Michael M.P.J. Verbiest ◽  
Jolien Rijlaarsdam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Child Adhd

Parental Phubbing and Children’s Social Withdrawal and Aggression: A Moderated Mediation Model of Parenting Behaviors and Parents’ Gender

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110428
Author(s):  
Xingchao Wang ◽  
Yuran Qiao ◽  
Wenqing Li ◽  
Li Lei
Keyword(s):  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Parenting Behavior ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Negative Behavior ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Negative Parenting ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Early School

The present study sought to examine whether parental phubbing was significantly related to children’s social withdrawal and aggression, and determine whether positive and negative parenting behaviors mediated this association. We further examined whether parents’ gender moderated the direct and indirect relationships between parental phubbing and children’s social withdrawal and aggression. The participants included 465 Chinese fathers and mothers from different families, and each father or mother had one child from preschool and early school aged 4–10 years. They completed the measures regarding their experience with parental phubbing, positive and negative parenting behaviors, and children’s social withdrawal and aggression. Results showed that parental phubbing was positively related to children’s social withdrawal and aggression. Positive and negative parenting behaviors significantly mediated the associations between parental phubbing and children’s social withdrawal and aggression. Furthermore, parents’ gender moderated the relationships between parental phubbing and children’s social withdrawal and aggression. Specifically, in the mediating model of positive parenting behavior, the pathways from parental phubbing to children’s social withdrawal and parental phubbing to children’s aggression were significantly different. In the mediating model of negative behavior, the pathway from negative parenting behavior to children’s social withdrawal was significantly different.

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