Working Memory Mediates Increased Negative Affect and Suicidal Ideation in Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine working memory (WM) modalities (visual-spatial and auditory-verbal) and processes (maintenance and manipulation) in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The sample consisted of 63 8-year-old children with ADHD and an age- and sex-matched non-ADHD comparison group (N=51). Auditory-verbal and visual-spatial WM were assessed using the Digit Span and Spatial Span subtests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Integrated - Fourth Edition. WM maintenance and manipulation were assessed via forward and backward span indices, respectively. Data were analyzed using a 3-way Group (ADHD vs. non-ADHD)×Modality (Auditory-Verbal vs. Visual-Spatial)×Condition (Forward vs. Backward) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Secondary analyses examined differences between Combined and Predominantly Inattentive ADHD presentations. Significant Group×Condition (p=.02) and Group×Modality (p=.03) interactions indicated differentially poorer performance by those with ADHD on backward relative to forward and visual-spatial relative to auditory-verbal tasks, respectively. The 3-way interaction was not significant. Analyses targeting ADHD presentations yielded a significant Group×Condition interaction (p=.009) such that children with ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive Presentation performed differentially poorer on backward relative to forward tasks compared to the children with ADHD-Combined Presentation. Findings indicate a specific pattern of WM weaknesses (i.e., WM manipulation and visual-spatial tasks) for children with ADHD. Furthermore, differential patterns of WM performance were found for children with ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive versus Combined Presentations. (JINS, 2016, 22, 1–11)

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Neural correlates of visuospatial working memory in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls

Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging ◽

10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.07.003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 233 (2) ◽

pp. 233-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Hanneke van Ewijk ◽

Wouter D. Weeda ◽

Dirk J. Heslenfeld ◽

Marjolein Luman ◽

Catharina A. Hartman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Working Memory ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Visuospatial Working Memory ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

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Brain structural and functional substrates of ADGRL3 (latrophilin 3) haplotype in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81915-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ana Moreno-Alcázar ◽

Josep A. Ramos-Quiroga ◽

Marta Ribases ◽

Cristina Sánchez-Mora ◽

Gloria Palomar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Working Memory ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Temporal Cortex ◽

Functional Brain Imaging ◽

Brain Anatomy ◽

Risk Haplotype ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Functional Brain ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the gene encoding the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3 (ADGRL3; formerly latrophilin 3, LPHN3) is associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Conversely, no studies have investigated the anatomical or functional brain substrates of ADGRL3 risk variants. We examined here whether individuals with different ADGRL3 haplotypes, including both patients with ADHD and healthy controls, showed differences in brain anatomy and function. We recruited and genotyped adult patients with combined type ADHD and healthy controls to achieve a sample balanced for age, sex, premorbid IQ, and three ADGRL3 haplotype groups (risk, protective, and others). The final sample (n = 128) underwent structural and functional brain imaging (voxel-based morphometry and n-back working memory fMRI). We analyzed the brain structural and functional effects of ADHD, haplotypes, and their interaction, covarying for age, sex, and medication. Individuals (patients or controls) with the protective haplotype showed strong, widespread hypo-activation in the frontal cortex extending to inferior temporal and fusiform gyri. Individuals (patients or controls) with the risk haplotype also showed hypo-activation, more focused in the right temporal cortex. Patients showed parietal hyper-activation. Disorder-haplotype interactions, as well as structural findings, were not statistically significant. To sum up, both protective and risk ADGRL3 haplotypes are associated with substantial brain hypo-activation during working memory tasks, stressing this gene’s relevance in cognitive brain function. Conversely, we did not find brain effects of the interactions between adult ADHD and ADGRL3 haplotypes.

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Heterogeneity in development of aspects of working memory predicts longitudinal attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom change.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology ◽

10.1037/abn0000292 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 126 (6) ◽

pp. 774-792 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Sarah L. Karalunas ◽

Hanna C. Gustafsson ◽

Nathan F. Dieckmann ◽

Jessica Tipsord ◽

Suzanne H. Mitchell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Working Memory ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Symptom Change ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Disorder Symptom

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Comparative Efficacy of Structured Games and Behavioural Parent Training on Working Memory in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2020/43576.13807 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Raghumahanti Raghuveer ◽

. Ruchi

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Working Memory ◽

Parent Training ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Test Time ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Behavioural Parent Training

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may develop during the preschool years of the child and extend into adulthood. ADHD also leads to impaired Working Memory (WM) creating problems in various functions. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of behavioural parent training and structured games on WM of children with ADHD. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted in 18 schools of Ghaziabad City, Uttar Pradesh, India. Seventy subjects were selected based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) criteria. Group A (n=35) received structured games and Group B (n=35) received Behavioural Parent Training (BPT). Seguin Form Board Test Time (SFBTT) was recorded as outcome on baseline and 5th week. Student’s paired and unpaired t-test was done. SPSS 22.0 version was the software used and p<0.05 was considered as level of significance. Results: Analysed data showed significant results within structured games group with t=2.355, p<0.05, and no significant result within BPT group with t=-0.776, p>0.05. Between group comparison showed significant difference with t=-2.804, p<0.05. Conclusion: Training of WM in form of structured games can be an effective method when compared to BPT in children with ADHD.

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Mapping the neuroanatomic substrates of cognition in familial attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291718001241 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 590-597 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rachel Muster ◽

Saadia Choudhury ◽

Wendy Sharp ◽

Steven Kasparek ◽

Gustavo Sudre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Working Memory ◽

Information Processing ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Cognitive Skills ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Medication History ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Psychostimulant Medication

AbstractBackgroundWhile the neuroanatomic substrates of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been investigated, less is known about the neuroanatomic correlates of cognitive abilities pertinent to the disorder, particularly in adults. Here we define the neuroanatomic correlates of key cognitive abilities and determine if there are associations with histories of psychostimulant medication.MethodsWe acquired neuroanatomic magnetic resonance imaging data from 264 members of 60 families (mean age 29.5; s.d. 18.4, 116 with ADHD). Using linear mixed model regression, we tested for associations between cognitive abilities (working memory, information processing, intelligence, and attention), symptoms and both cortical and subcortical volumes.ResultsSymptom severity was associated with spatial working memory (t = −3.77, p = 0.0002), processing speed (t = −2.95, p = 0.004) and a measure of impulsive responding (t = 2.19, p = 0.03); these associations did not vary with age (all p > 0.1). Neuroanatomic associations of cognition varied by task but centered on prefrontal, lateral parietal and temporal cortical regions, the thalamus and putamen. The neuroanatomic correlates of ADHD symptoms overlapped significantly with those of working memory (Dice's overlap coefficient: spatial, p = 0.003; verbal, p = 0.001) and information processing (p = 0.02). Psychostimulant medication history was associated with neither cognitive skills nor with a brain–cognition relationships.ConclusionsDiagnostic differences in the cognitive profile of ADHD does not vary significantly with age; nor were cognitive differences associated with psychostimulant medication history. The neuroanatomic substrates of working memory and information overlapped with those for symptoms within these extended families, consistent with a pathophysiological role for these cognitive skills in familial ADHD.

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