The influence of exercise training dose on fasting acylated ghrelin concentration in older women

This study investigated the acute effect of exercise on sleep outcomes among healthy older women by comparing days with structured exercise versus days without structured exercise during 4 months of exercise training. Participants (n = 51) in this study had wrist-worn actigraphic sleep data available following at least 3 days with structured exercise and 3 days without structured exercise at mid-intervention and at the end of intervention. The exercise intervention was treadmill walking. Multilevel models were used to examine whether structured exercise impacted sleep outcomes during the corresponding night. Overall, 1,362 nights of data were included in the analyses. In unadjusted and adjusted models, bedtimes were significantly earlier on evenings following an acute bout of structured exercise than on evenings without structured exercise. No other sleep parameters differed between exercise and nonexercise days. Understanding the effects of exercise on sleep in this understudied population may help to improve their overall sleep quality.

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Comparison of Neuromotor and Progressive Resistance Exercise Training to Improve Mobility and Fitness in Community-Dwelling Older Women

Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise ◽

10.1007/s42978-019-0017-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 124-131

Author(s):

Roberta Forte ◽

G. De Vito

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Older Women ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Resistance Exercise Training ◽

Progressive Resistance Exercise ◽

Progressive Resistance

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Impact of Lifelong Exercise Training Dose on Ventricular-Arterial Coupling

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circulationaha.118.035116 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 138 (23) ◽

pp. 2638-2647 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Michinari Hieda ◽

Erin Howden ◽

Shigeki Shibata ◽

Naoki Fujimoto ◽

Paul S. Bhella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Training Dose ◽

Lifelong Exercise

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Long-Term Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Cognition and Brain Volume in Older Women: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617715000673 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 745-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

John R. Best ◽

Bryan K. Chiu ◽

Chun Liang Hsu ◽

Lindsay S. Nagamatsu ◽

Teresa Liu-Ambrose

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

White Matter ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Older Women ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Resistance Exercise Training ◽

Randomized Controlled

AbstractAerobic exercise training has been shown to attenuate cognitive decline and reduce brain atrophy with advancing age. The extent to which resistance exercise training improves cognition and prevents brain atrophy is less known, and few studies include long-term follow-up cognitive and neuroimaging assessments. We report data from a randomized controlled trial of 155 older women, who engaged in 52 weeks of resistance training (either once- or twice-weekly) or balance-and-toning (twice-weekly). Executive functioning and memory were assessed at baseline, 1-year follow-up (i.e., immediately post-intervention), and 2-year follow-up. A subset underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging scans at those time points. At 2-year follow-up, both frequencies of resistance training promoted executive function compared to balance-and-toning (standardized difference [d]=.31–.48). Additionally, twice-weekly resistance training promoted memory (d=.45), reduced cortical white matter atrophy (d=.45), and increased peak muscle power (d=.27) at 2-year follow-up relative to balance-and-toning. These effects were independent of one another. These findings suggest resistance training may have a long-term impact on cognition and white matter volume in older women. (JINS, 2015,21, 745–756)

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Comparing Hunger and Thirst Perception and Related Biomarker Response After Carbonated Beverage Consumption

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa049_029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 636-636

Author(s):

Emily Heying ◽

Alexa Evenson ◽

Joleen Barnett ◽

Annaliese Widmer

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Elisa Assay ◽

Acylated Ghrelin ◽

Ghrelin Concentration ◽

Beverage Consumption ◽

Beverage Type ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽

Biomarker Response ◽

Carbonated Beverage

Abstract Objectives To determine if there were relationships between biomarkers of thirst, hunger, perceived thirst and perceived hunger in relation to time and carbonated beverage consumption. Methods Participants (males n = 14, females n = 15) aged 23–65, had a BMI < 30 kg/m2, and no reported chronic disease. Participants completed six data collections, arriving four hours fasted and consuming one of six randomized beverages (water, carbonated-no flavor [CNF], carbonated lime flavor [CL], degassed lime flavor [DL], carbonated lime flavor with aspartame [CLS], and degassed lime flavor with aspartame [DLS]). Blood was collected via finger stick at 0 min (baseline), followed by beverage consumption, and again at 10 and 45 min. post consumption. Perceived hunger and thirst were measured by visual analog scale. Acylated ghrelin and copeptin concentrations were assessed by ELISA assay. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to determine relationships. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine differences in ghrelin response. Results Perceived hunger scores differed by time (P < 0.0001) but not by beverage (P > 0.05) and there was no interaction. However, acylated ghrelin concentration did not differ by beverage or time (P > 0.05). Acylated ghrelin overall was 86.25 ± 92.30 pg/mL (mean ± SD). There was no relationship between perceived hunger and acylated ghrelin concentration at any time point or beverage (P > 0.05). Adjusting for gender or BMI had no impact. Perceived thirst differed by time (P < 0.0001) but not by beverage (P > 0.05). Copeptin concentrations are currently being analyzed via ELISA assay. Preliminary results for copeptin concentrations from participants consuming water and CNF did not differ by beverage or time. The average copeptin concentration measured from participants for these two beverages was 4.5 ± 4.0 ng/mL. After all samples are analyzed for copeptin, correlation will be run to determine if there is any relationship between copeptin, ghrelin, and perceived hunger and thirst. Conclusions Perceived hunger and thirst changed over time, regardless of beverage type. However, biomarker concentrations were not related to those changes. Perception of satiety may be influenced by other factors other than physiological signals. Funding Sources Funded by the College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University Faculty Development Grant.

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Low Volume, Home-Based Weighted Step Exercise Training Can Improve Lower Limb Muscle Power and Functional Ability in Community-Dwelling Older Women

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8010041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jacqueline L. Mair ◽

Giuseppe De Vito ◽

Colin A. Boreham

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Older Women ◽

Power Output ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Functional Ability ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Training Programme ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Home Based ◽

Low Volume

Stepping exercise can be used as a scalable form of high intensity exercise to enhance important aspects of physical fitness in older populations. The addition of supplementary weights increases the resistive element of stepping, with the potential for training improvements in muscular strength, power, and functional abilities alongside other fitness outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a low-volume, home-based weighted step exercise programme on muscular strength, power, and functional ability in previously inactive community-dwelling older women. Eleven participants, aged between 65–74 years, independently completed a six-week individualised and progressive step exercise training programme wearing a weighted vest. Knee extensor strength, lower limb power output, and physical function using a battery of functional tests were measured at baseline, following a 6-week control period, and again following the 6-week training programme. Following training, lower limb power output improved by 10–11% (p < 0.05) and was accompanied by a corresponding 9% (p < 0.01) improvement in stair climb time and 10% (p < 0.01) improvement in normalised stair climbing power, highlighting the beneficial effects of weighted stepping for transferable improvements in functional fitness. The magnitude of observed training improvements suggest that weighted step training has the potential to prolong independence and prevent age-related health conditions such as sarcopenia.

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Aerobic exercise training reduces plasma endothelin-1 concentration in older women

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01016.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 336-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 111

Author(s):

Seiji Maeda ◽

Takumi Tanabe ◽

Takashi Miyauchi ◽

Takeshi Otsuki ◽

Jun Sugawara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Older Women ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Endothelin 1

Endothelial function deteriorates with aging. On the other hand, exercise training improves the function of vascular endothelial cells. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is produced by vascular endothelial cells, has potent constrictor and proliferative activity in vascular smooth muscle cells and, therefore, has been implicated in regulation of vascular tonus and progression of atherosclerosis. We previously reported significantly higher plasma ET-1 concentration in middle-aged than in young humans, and recently we showed that plasma ET-1 concentration was significantly decreased by aerobic exercise training in healthy young humans. We hypothesized that plasma ET-1 concentration increases with age, even in healthy adults, and that lifestyle modification (i.e., exercise) can reduce plasma ET-1 concentration in previously sedentary older adults. We measured plasma ET-1 concentration in healthy young women (21–28 yr old), healthy middle-aged women (31–47 yr old), and healthy older women (61–69 yr old). The plasma level of ET-1 significantly increased with aging (1.02 ± 0.08, 1.33 ± 0.11, and 2.90 ± 0.20 pg/ml in young, middle-aged, and older women, respectively). Thus plasma ET-1 concentration was markedly higher in healthy older women than in healthy young or middle-aged women (by ∼3- and 2-fold, respectively). In healthy older women, we also measured plasma ET-1 concentration after 3 mo of aerobic exercise (cycling on a leg ergometer at 80% of ventilatory threshold for 30 min, 5 days/wk). Regular exercise significantly decreased plasma ET-1 concentration in the healthy older women (2.22 ± 0.16 pg/ml, P < 0.01) and also significantly reduced their blood pressure. The present study suggests that regular aerobic-endurance exercise reduces plasma ET-1 concentration in older humans, and this reduction in plasma ET-1 concentration may have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system (i.e., prevention of progression of hypertension and/or atherosclerosis by endogenous ET-1).

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The Relationship Between Sensory Attributes of Beverages and Change in Acylated Ghrelin Concentrations

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa052_018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 749-749

Author(s):

Alexa Evenson ◽

Emily Heying ◽

Joleen Barnett ◽

Annaliese Widmer

Keyword(s):

Rank Order ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Sensory Attributes ◽

Acylated Ghrelin ◽

Ghrelin Concentration ◽

Beverage Consumption ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Finger Stick ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objectives To investigate sensory attributes of carbonated, flavored, and sweetened beverage consumption, and relationship to the hunger hormone, acylated ghrelin. Methods In a randomized single-blinded crossover design, males (n = 14) and females (n = 15); aged 23–65; BMI < 30 kg/m2; with no reported chronic disease consumed six different beverages (water, carbonated no flavor [CNF], carbonated lime flavor [CL], degassed lime flavor [DL], carbonated lime flavor with aspartame [CLS], and degassed lime flavor with aspartame [DLS]) at separate time points. Participants were asked to consume a breakfast meal (approximately 400 kcals) and then fast for approximately 4 hours. Blood was collected via finger-stick at baseline; and 10 and 45 minutes after consumption of the beverage. ELISA was used to determine acylated ghrelin concentration. A 7-pt likert scale was used to determine acceptability of the treatment beverages. ANOVA and spearman rank-order correlation coefficients were used to determine differences in liking of sensory attributes between beverages and correlations between variables, respectively. Results The CNF, CL, and water beverages were well liked by participants with mean overall liking scores of greater than 5. The overall liking scores were not significantly different between these three beverages (P > 0.05). There were significant differences between CNF, CL, and water and the remaining 3 beverages – DL, CLS, and DLS. Degassed and sweetened beverages (DL, CLS, and DLS) were least liked with mean liking scores ranging from 3.69–4.28. There were no significant correlations (P > 0.05) found between change in acylated ghrelin concentration and overall liking or liking of beverage attributes. Conclusions Acceptability of sensory attributes, including carbonation, flavor, and sweetness, was not related to change in acylated ghrelin concentrations after the consumption of six different beverages. Funding Sources This work was funded by the College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University Faculty Research/Development Grant.

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