Defensive Allomones Function as Aggregation Pheromones in Diapausing Ladybird Beetles, Hippodamia convergens

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Wheeler ◽  
Ring T. Cardé
1933 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 241-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Knowlton

During the spring of 1933, an adult convergent ladybird beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin, was placed in a 3-dram homeopathic vial with a number of nymphs of the potato psyllid, Paratrioza cockerelli (Sulc). The ladybird immediately grabbed a psyllid nymph and began to eat it. Ten fifth-instar psyllid nymphs were eaten by this predaceous beetle during the one and one-half hours that it was caged with the nymphs. It was noted that moving nymphs were taken more quickly than those at rest, but the beetle showed no reluctance at taking the scale-like nymphs which were quietly feeding.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1269
Author(s):  
David K. Mfuti ◽  
Amanuel Tamiru ◽  
William D. J. Kirk ◽  
Adeyemi O. Akinyemi ◽  
Heather Campbell ◽  
...  

The potential of semiochemicals to lure insect pests to a trap where they can be killed with biopesticides has been demonstrated as an eco-friendly pest management alternative. In this study, we tested two recently characterized male-produced aggregation pheromones of the bean flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom), namely (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate (major) and (R)-lavandulol (minor), for their field efficacy. Moreover, compatibility of these pheromones and two other thrips attractants, Lurem-TR and neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate, with the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 69 has been determined. Our study revealed that the M. sjostedti aggregation pheromones have dose-dependent antifungal effects on the EPF viability, but showed no fungistatic effect at a field-realistic dose for attraction of thrips. (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate had similar antifungal effects as neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate 8 days after exposure; whereas, Lurem-TR had a stronger antifungal effect than other thrips attractants. In the semi-field experiments, all autoinoculation devices maintained at least 86% viability of M. anisopliae conidia after 12 days of exposure. Field trials demonstrated for the first time that (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate increases trap catches. Our findings pave a way for designing a lure-and-kill thrips management strategy to control bean flower thrips using autoinoculation devices or spot spray application.


2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermes E. Escalona ◽  
Andreas Zwick ◽  
Hao-Sen Li ◽  
Jiahui Li ◽  
Xingmin Wang ◽  
...  

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