scholarly journals Chemical Ecology and Predator–Prey Interactions: Understanding the Role of Chemistry on Complex, Trophic Relationships in a Changing World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Hermann ◽  
Jennifer S. Thaler
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Ecology ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Changing World

scholarly journals A theory of the use of information by enemies in the predator-prey space race

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Patin ◽  
Daniel Fortin ◽  
Simon Chamaillé-Jammes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
Space Race ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractWe currently lack a comprehensive theory about how behaviourally responsive predators and prey use the information they acquire about the environment and each other’s presence while engaged in the ‘space race’. This limits our understanding of the role of behaviour in trophic relationships and our ability to predict predators and prey distributions. Here we combined a simulation model with a genetic algorithm to discover how predators and prey behaving optimally should use information in environments with different levels of heterogeneity in prey forage distribution and prey vulnerability. Our results demonstrate the key role of movement unpredictability in successful strategies for both predators and prey, supporting the ‘shell-game’ hypothesis. We however reveal striking differences between predators and prey in the magnitude of this unpredictability, and in how it varies with the environment. Our work offers a robust theoretical framework to better understand predator-prey space use and interpret empirical studies.

Realization of Different Approaches Learning in the Modern Didactics of Social and Humanitarian Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Р.Р. Мухамедшина ◽  
А.В. Фарафонова ◽  
Е.В. Тинькова
Keyword(s):  
Educational Process ◽  
Approaches To Teaching ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Changing World

в статье анализируются различные подходы в обучении в современной дидактике социально-гуманитарного образования посредством исследования Федеральных стандартов образования (ФГОС). Изучена роль каждого образовательного подхода, согласно ФГОС, рассмотрены альтернативные виды подходов, обеспечивающих комплексность образовательного процесса и воспитания полноценной личности в современном динамично меняющемся мире. the article analyzes various approaches to teaching in modern didactics of social and humanitarian education using the means of research of the Federal Education Standards (GEF). The role of each educational approach is studied, according to GEF; alternative types of approaches are considered that ensure the complexity of the educational process and the upbringing of a full-fledged personality in the modern dynamically changing world.

The Role of Predation in Determining Traits of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Infection With Zika Virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawna Bellamy ◽  
Barry W Alto
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Density Reduction

Abstract Non-lethal predator-prey interactions during the immature stages can cause significant changes to mosquito life history traits and their ability to transmit pathogens as adults. Treatment manipulations using mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (L.) and Toxoryhnchites rutilus (Coquillett) were performed during the immature stages to explore the potential impacts of non-lethal interactions on adult susceptibility to infection, disseminated infection and saliva infection of Ae. aegypti following ingestion of Zika virus-infected blood. Treatments inducing density reduction resulted in reduced development time and survivorship to adulthood. However, effects of treatment did not alter infection, dissemination, or saliva infection. These observations indicate that, while non-lethal predation may impact some traits that influence population dynamics and transmission of pathogens, there were no direct effects on mosquito-arbovirus interactions.

The Role of Religion in a Changing World

1930 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522
Author(s):  
Abba Hillel Silver
Keyword(s):  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Changing World

scholarly journals A review on macrobenthic trophic relationships along subtropical sandy shores in southernmost Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Mathias Pinotti ◽  
Diogo Marroni Minasi ◽  
Leonir André Colling ◽  
Carlos Emílio Bemvenuti
Keyword(s):  
Surf Zone ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Sandy Shores ◽  
Macrobenthic Assemblages ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Asterionellopsis Glacialis

Main trophic relationships that occur along the exposed sandy shores in southernmost Brazil (∼33° S) are established taking into account several biological compartments operating at morphodynamically distinct environments. Beaches are predominantly of the intermediate type but some stretches of coastline are truly dissipative (Cassino Beach) or tending-to-reflective (Concheiros Beach), presenting thus diverse biological compartments and inhabitant macrobenthic assemblages. Dense concentrations of the surf-zone diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis are responsible - at least for the intermediate shorelines - for the most year-round primary production, sustaining several consumers up to tertiary level. Among them, bivalves Amarilladesma mactroides, Donax hanleyanus and the hippid crabEmerita brasiliensis can account for more than 95% of all the surf-zone secondary production, in addition to the elevated biomass of the suspension-feeder polychaete Spio gaucha and the scavenger isopod Excirolana armata. Crabs, whelks, carnivorous polychaetes, seabirds and surf-zone fishes may also be present and occupy superior trophic levels depending on the beach morphodynamics. Based on the high species richness, abundance and the role of macrobenthic fauna in transferring matter and energy to seabirds and the surf-zone fish assemblages, we address this important issue on the Southwestern Atlantic ecology. Conservation efforts should be implemented for the southernmost Brazilian sandy shores, at least for those non urbanized areas.

scholarly journals Agriculture and resource availability in a changing world: The role of irrigation

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timm Sauer ◽  
Petr Havlík ◽  
Uwe A. Schneider ◽  
Erwin Schmid ◽  
Georg Kindermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Changing World
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