scholarly journals The European coal curse

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-112
Author(s):  
Elena Esposito ◽  
Scott F. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Future Orientations ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mining Regions

AbstractIn this paper we examine the impact of natural resource wealth by focusing on historical coal-mining across European regions. As an exogenous source of variation in coal extraction activities, we rely on the presence of coal-deposits located on the earth’s surface, which historically facilitated the discovery and extraction of coal. Our results show that former coal-mining regions are substantially poorer, with (at least) 10% smaller per-capita GDP than comparable regions in the same country that did not mine coal. We provide evidence that much of this lag is explained by lower levels of human capital accumulation and that this human-capital effect is concentrated in men. Finally, we provide suggestive evidence that the persistently lower levels of human capital in coal mining regions that we document result from the crystallization of negative attitudes towards education and lower future orientations in these regions.

Human capital accumulation, income distribution, and economic growth: a demand-led analytical framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-336
Author(s):  
Gilberto Tadeu Lima ◽  
Laura Carvalho ◽  
Gustavo Pereira Serra
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Capital Utilization ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Run Equilibrium

This paper incorporates human capital accumulation through provision of universal public education by a balanced-budget government to a demand-driven analytical framework of functional distribution and growth of income. Human capital accumulation positively impacts on workers’ productivity in production and their bargaining power in wage negotiations. In the long-run equilibrium, a rise in the tax rate (which also denotes the share of output spent in human capital formation) lowers the pre- and after-tax wage share and physical capital utilization, and thus raises (lowers) the output growth rate when the latter is profit-led (wage-led). The impact of a higher tax rate on the employment rate (which also measures human capital utilization) in the long-run equilibrium is negative (ambiguous) when output growth is wage-led (profit-led). In any case, the supply of higher-skilled workers does not automatically create its own demand.

Intergenerational Mobility and Unequal School Opportunity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreu Arenas ◽  
Jean Hindriks
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Assortative Matching ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Intergenerational Income Mobility ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Income Dispersion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We analyse the impact of unequal school opportunity on intergenerational income mobility and human capital accumulation. Building upon the classical Becker–Tomes–Solon framework, we use a regime-switch model allowing for differences in income transmission across groups. We find that unequal school opportunity raises average human capital because of assortative matching. However, because income dispersion tends to be higher at the top, in most cases unequal school opportunity decreases intergenerational mobility. Calibrating the model to the USA, simulations suggest that school equalisation and desegregation policies have positive effects on mobility at relatively small efficiency costs.

scholarly journals The impact of demographic change on human capital accumulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fertig ◽  
Christoph M. Schmidt ◽  
Mathias G. Sinning
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF INCREASING RETIREMENT AGE ON HEALTH SERVICES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BRAZIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
André Berardo Coelho ◽  
Nelson Leitão Paes
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Care Production

This paper uses the Zon and Muysken (2001) model to investigate the effect of increasing the retirement age on health care production, human capital accumulation, and economic growth. All three sectors are interrelated, since the overall level of health affects both workers and the accumulation of human capital, while a higher level of human capital is related to better quality of health. And, finally, health and human capital affect the output of the economy. From the economic growth point of view the results seem to be positive. Increasing labor availability raises productivity in the health sector, which ultimately improves labor productivity, resulting in increased capital accumulation and economic growth. On the other hand, it is estimated a reduction in the propensity to consume and a smaller portion of the labor force allocated in the health sector.

scholarly journals Corruption, Public Expenditure and Human Capital Accumulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-45
Author(s):  
Spyridon Boikos
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the possible non-linear effect of corruption on human capital accumulation through two channels. The first channel is through the effect of corruption on the public expenditure on education and the second channel is through the effect of corruption on the physical capital investment. Initially, we construct an endogenous two-sector growth model with human capital accumulation and we try to explore the impact of corruption on the allocation of public expenditure and therefore on the distribution of human capital across sectors. Then by using a semi-parametric method, we confirm the presence of non-linearities between human capital and corruption.

scholarly journals Institutional aspect of influence of the foreign direct investments on the economic growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 13022
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Anoshkina ◽  
Elizaveta Markovskaya ◽  
Angela Mottaeva ◽  
Asiiat Mottaeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
The Impact

Authors analyze the differences between the influence of the foreign direct investments on the economic growth in the developed and developing countries. For the model of the gross domestic product (GDP) on the foreign direct investments for the developed countries the following data are used: observations for the 10 countries during 1983-2013. For the model of the GDP on the foreign direct investments (FDI) for the developing countries the following data are used: observations for the 11 countries during 1994-2013. Investigators conclude that the influence of the foreign direct investments on the economic growthdefinitely has the positive effect in both cases. However, the degree of this influence depends on the type of the country. The developing countries get the smaller effect from the foreign direct investments because of the non-transparent institutional environment and negative influence of other non-economic factors. These findings provide an opportunity to judge that in developed countries, institutional and economic environment and, most of all, human capital allow you to get the full effect of FDI, that is, as capital accumulation and spill-over effects. In developing countries, there should be thresholds to reduce effects of FDI, such as insufficient human capital and poor economic and institutional environment. Thus, the impact of FDI on economic growth is certainly positive, however the level of this effect depends on country characteristics. That is, the hypothesis that FDI affects developing countries less than developed, due to the existence of thresholds in the form of unhealthy institutional and economic environment were confirmed.

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