economic environment
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2022 ◽  
pp. 257-279
Author(s):  
Árpád Ferenc Papp-Váry ◽  
Tímea Zsófia Tóth

The Hungarian film industry has undergone a huge change recently, becoming a pull sector and repositioning the country in Europe. The economic performance of Budapest's film industry is growing steadily, which has also been facilitated by the strategic steps of recent years, making the capital a key player on the film map of Europe. In the case of Budapest, the diversity of the city is clearly outlined, as it primarily serves as a backdrop for various film productions. Using primary and secondary sources, the research focuses on the supply elements of film tourism in Budapest and the changes in the economic environment affecting the film industry. In the analysis, different types of film tourism are explored through interviews with the actors of film tourism. The research seeks to highlight factors that can boost film tourism in Budapest and make the city even more prominent on the film map of Europe.


The circular economy is progressively a way towards a sustainable society. The shift from linear to circular business models concerns the entrepreneurs to adopt new practices. The purpose of this research is to propose circular business models to make the worlds three of the most wasteful industries food, plastic, and fashion more sustainable. This paper is developed based on an extensive literature review and case studies. The proposed framework analyses the challenges of these three industries and prescribes relevant business models and sustainable practices. The findings in circular economy business models suggest elements of businesses that can be adopted by entrepreneurs in any industry to create a circular activity. This research paper gives the entrepreneurial spirit with business tools to achieve sustainability ambition.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Sigal

This article deals with probabilistic and statistical modeling of managerial decision-making in the economy based on sample data for the previous periods of time. For better definition, the study is limited to Markowitz’s models in the problem of finding an effective portfolio of the field in the third information situation. The third information situation is a widespread decision-making situation and is characterized by the fact that the decision-maker sets, according to his opinion, are a linear order relation on the components of an unknown probabilistic distribution of the states of the economic environment. Often, from the point of view of the decision-maker, the components of an unknown probability distribution of the states of the economic environment must satisfy a partially reinforced linear order relation. As a result, the use of traditional statistical estimates turns out to be impossible, while the following question arises, which is practically not studied in the scientific literature. In this case, what formulas should be used to find statistical estimates and, above all, estimates of unknown probabilities of the state of the economic environment? As an estimate of an unknown probability distribution, we proposed to use the Fishburne sequence that satisfies all available constraints, while corresponding to the opinion of the decision maker and the linear order relation given by him. Fishburne sequences are a generalization of the well-known Fishburne formulas. It is fundamentally important that any Fishburne sequence satisfies a simple linear order relation, and under certain conditions, a partially strengthened linear order relation. Particular attention is paid to the entropic properties of generalized Fishburne progressions, which represent the most important class of Fishburne sequences, as well as the use of generalized Fishburne progressions to take into account the opinion of the decision maker. Such a scheme for estimating an unknown probability distribution has been developed, which makes it possible to achieve the correctness of probabilistic and statistical modeling, as well as appropriate consideration of the opinion of the decision-maker, uncertainty and risk.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyu Zhao

This article is based on the history of British railway reform, combined with related theories and policies, and explored what kind of regulatory policies should be adopted in what kind of economic environment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Shupletsov ◽  
Maria Matveeva ◽  
Kirill Burov

Amid economic or political uncertainty, strategic planning is an integral attribute of the success of entrepreneurial activities. Strategic planning has a special advantage over other types of business planning, namely its dynamic nature, when the draft plan is adjusted to the changed conditions of the economic environment. But the launch of the plan adjustment process is complicated by the need to select significant indicators of economic processes, on the basis of which the adjustment will be made. The main tool for the company’s management team to address the question of the frequency of the plan updating is the use of accounting and financial statement indicators. The purpose of the work is to analyze alternative methods of making managerial decisions in relation to the adjustment of strategic plans of the enterprise development. The main disadvantages of the management control system are identified on the basis of accounting and financial statements. The authors suggest such alternatives as making management decisions on the basis of intuitive understanding of the economic reality and the use of neural networks to monitor the economic environment at both the macro and micro levels, in order to trace any deviations from the specified vector of development. They also highlight the main advantages and disadvantages of the proposed tools. Thus, the main disadvantage of the intuitive managerial decision-making is the loss of verifiability of the proposed response measures; as for artificial neural networks, the main disadvantages here are a complex mathematical apparatus and a very time-consuming process needed for the effective network training.


Author(s):  
Naumkin Vitaly Vyacheslavovich

This article made available for publication is compiled on the basis of a report presented at the International Science Conference that took place on September 2nd, 2021, in the city of Vladivostok (Russky Island). It deals with the ordinary and megatrends reflecting the specific aspects in relation to the current stage of the Russian-Mongolian bilateral relationships. Such trends include, for example, diversification of external ties or orientation towards multidimensional collaboration. It is asserted that, throughout the century-old history of close interaction between Russia and Mongolia, since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two states, there have been a lot of epoch-making events and developments of landmark nature, which up to date constitute the meaningful elements of historic memory for our peoples, defining the overriding megatrend of our mutual understanding and affinity that bears a sustainable character, defying any influence of the political and economic environment factors.


Author(s):  
G. S. Kaipova ◽  
D. I. Zakirova ◽  
N. Berdimurat

Accounting for the impairment of assets is one of the difficult issues in the preparation of financial statements. However, despite the considerable attention of domestic and foreign accounting science to tangible and intangible assets, the methodological apparatus for analyzing the procedure of asset impairment remains insufficiently developed. Issues that take into account the specifics of the development of the economic environment for the functioning of companies, the state and degree of the accounting and financial reporting system have not been worked out, which requires a comprehensive study of methodological issues of checking assets for impairment. Assessing whether an asset has decreased in value can be highly subjective and impairment can appear as a failure of directors, prompting management to underestimate the impairment loss. An impairment loss could have a material effect on a company's financial statements if the assets are overvalued. The main difficulties lie in recognizing when it is necessary to conduct impairment tests, applying the value in use and determining the cash-generating unit (CGU). In some cases, the application of the standard may be difficult, and therefore companies may inadvertently include distorted data in the reporting. The article discusses the application of the rules for determining indicators of impairment during the coronavirus pandemic. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the principles and procedures of IFRS IAS 36, which apply to the impairment of assets in the form of a right of use. Based on the results of this study, several recommendations have been compiled for accountants who need to conduct an impairment test.


VUZF Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Stanislav Dimitrov

Retirement products are long-term savings products. It is widespread government to encourage the saving via tax incentives. Bulgaria follows favourable taxation of saving in voluntary pension funds. The paper is searching answer whether the applied tax policy of personal retirement products in Bulgaria is efficient. The research is focused on three main areas: the nature of the tax incentives in the country; the development of the taxation of pensions across European Union and the areas for improvements of the tax policy taking into account the characteristics of the Bulgarian socio-economic environment. The efficiency of the tax advantages often is under doubt in the literature. These studies omit the fact that without tax reliefs the coverage and the efficiency of saving in personal pension plans will be low. One of the conclusions of the current research is that the tax incentives for personal retirement products have to be a part of the design of the plans and these reliefs need to be adapted to the changing economic environment. The paper reaches the conclusion that evolution of the taxation of pensions in the country is needed. The positive changes will increase the trust in the personal retirement products and will improve the adequacy and sustainability of the overall pension system in Bulgaria. This evolution can be done through set of measures that will encourage people to save and will be factor for improving the results from the saving in personal pension plans.


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