scholarly journals How can Asphalt Roads Extend the Range of In Situ Polarized Light Pollution? A Complex Ecological Trap of Ephemera danica and a Possible Remedy

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ádám Egri ◽  
Ádám Pereszlényi ◽  
Alexandra Farkas ◽  
Gábor Horváth ◽  
Károly Penksza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Ecological Trap ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Ephemera Danica ◽  
Polarized Light Pollution

scholarly journals Bioreplicated coatings for photovoltaic solar panels nearly eliminate light pollution that harms polarotactic insects

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243296
Author(s):  
Benjamin Fritz ◽  
Gábor Horváth ◽  
Ruben Hünig ◽  
Ádám Pereszlényi ◽  
Ádám Egri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Cover Layer ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Imaging Polarimetry ◽  
Polarized Light Pollution

Many insect species rely on the polarization properties of object-reflected light for vital tasks like water or host detection. Unfortunately, typical glass-encapsulated photovoltaic modules, which are expected to cover increasingly large surfaces in the coming years, inadvertently attract various species of water-seeking aquatic insects by the horizontally polarized light they reflect. Such polarized light pollution can be extremely harmful to the entomofauna if polarotactic aquatic insects are trapped by this attractive light signal and perish before reproduction, or if they lay their eggs in unsuitable locations. Textured photovoltaic cover layers are usually engineered to maximize sunlight-harvesting, without taking into consideration their impact on polarized light pollution. The goal of the present study is therefore to experimentally and computationally assess the influence of the cover layer topography on polarized light pollution. By conducting field experiments with polarotactic horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) and a mayfly species (Ephemeroptera: Ephemera danica), we demonstrate that bioreplicated cover layers (here obtained by directly copying the surface microtexture of rose petals) were almost unattractive to these species, which is indicative of reduced polarized light pollution. Relative to a planar cover layer, we find that, for the examined aquatic species, the bioreplicated texture can greatly reduce the numbers of landings. This observation is further analyzed and explained by means of imaging polarimetry and ray-tracing simulations. The results pave the way to novel photovoltaic cover layers, the interface of which can be designed to improve sunlight conversion efficiency while minimizing their detrimental influence on the ecology and conservation of polarotactic aquatic insects.

scholarly journals Unexpected Attraction of Polarotactic Water-Leaving Insects to Matt Black Car Surfaces: Mattness of Paintwork Cannot Eliminate the Polarized Light Pollution of Black Cars

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e103339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklos Blaho ◽  
Tamas Herczeg ◽  
Gyorgy Kriska ◽  
Adam Egri ◽  
Denes Szaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Polarized Light Pollution

Polarized light pollution: a new kind of ecological photopollution

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Horváth ◽  
György Kriska ◽  
Péter Malik ◽  
Bruce Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Polarized Light Pollution

scholarly journals Polarized light pollution of matte solar panels: anti-reflective photovoltaics reduce polarized light pollution but benefit only some aquatic insects

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dénes Száz ◽  
Dávid Mihályi ◽  
Alexandra Farkas ◽  
Ádám Egri ◽  
András Barta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Polarized Light Pollution

In Situ Magnetic-Circular-X-Ray-Dichroism Measurements: An Epitaxial Fe Wedge on Cu(100)

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Dávila ◽  
D. Arvanitis ◽  
J. Hunter Dunn ◽  
N. Mårtensson ◽  
P. Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrathin Films ◽  
Magnetic Circular Dichroism ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Measured Quantity ◽  
Easy Magnetization ◽  
Magnetization Direction ◽  
Core Electron ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
X Ray

Circularly polarized x-ray radiation is attracting increasing interest as a tool for the characterization of the electronic, magnetic, and chiral properties of low-dimensional structures. Using circular light (with electric field vector parallel to the orbital plane), a dependence of the measured quantity by changing either the orientation of the light polarization or the magnetization is indicative of the existence of magnetic circular dichroism. It can be observed in x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), in which the photon energy is scanned through an absorption threshold exciting a core electron into an unoccupied valence state using circularly polarized light. Synchrotron radiation sources have made this technique possible. It can also be observed in photo-emission spectroscopy from core and valence levels. Here we focus on magnetic circular x-ray dichroism (MCXD) in XAS as an element-specific tool to investigate magnetic properties of ultrathin films in situ. The application of magneto-optical sum rules enables the determination of the orbital and spin magnetic moments per atom from XAS spectra, as well as the easy magnetization direction.MCXD-based magnetometry in XAS is extensively used by measuring the L absorption edges of 3d-transition metals, where large intensity changes (up to 60%) of the L-edge white lines are observed upon reversal of either the sample magnetization or the light helicity. The high magnetic contrast obtained, combined with the elemental specificity of the technique, allows for the study of very dilute samples such as ultrathin films. We first concentrate on the selection rules governing MCXD in XAS.

scholarly journals Shape of Moving Grain Boundary and its Influence on Grain Boundary Motion in Zinc

2006 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Vera G. Sursaeva ◽  
Boris B. Straumal
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Migration Rate ◽  
Activation Enthalpy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Tilt Grain Boundary ◽  
Grain Boundary Motion ◽  
Experimental Runs ◽  
Stationary Shape

The migration of individual special [ ] 0 1 10 tilt grain boundary (GB) with Σ =15 and misorientation angle 29° in Zn bicrystal have been investigated. The stationary shape of migrating GB has been studied and the migration rate has been measured by optical microscopy in situ between 558 and 683 K using polarized light. In certain experimental runs the migrating GB is faceted and moves thermally activated. Its kinetics follows the Arrhenius type dependence despite the fact that shape of moving GB depends on temperature. After detachment from impurity cloud the [ ] 0 1 10 tilt GB migrates activationless in the temperature interval 618÷683 K. The detachment temperature is 618 K. The non-physically high value of the apparent migration activation enthalpy can appear due to the change of GB shape from faceted to smooth and back.

Analysis of IN-SITU Converted Chrysotile Asbestos Fibers in Sprayed on Fireproofing

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
R. L. Sabatini ◽  
Toshi Sugama ◽  
Leonidas Petrakis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Glassy Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Asbestos Fibers ◽  
Analytical Electron

A BNL-Grace process has been developed to chemically convert in-situ, the chrysotile fibers of sprayed-on fireproofing products to an unregulated glassy material. The effectiveness of this process has been convincingly demonstrated using Analytical Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction techniques.Asbestos minerals were used in fireproofing materials because of their excellent physical properties including fire resistance, high tensile strength, heat and electrical insulation, and resistance to acids and alkali. But in 1975 the Environmental Protection Agency began regulating materials containing > 1% asbestos.The new in-situ BNL-Grace process, which uses a foamy solution sprayed directly onto asbestos-containing fireproofing chemically digests essentially all the asbestos fibers, transforming them into harmless materials. After treatment, the fireproofing is no longer a regulated material. The process produces essentially no waste.Our problem was to demonstrate that all of the asbestos was converted and that the remaining materials were no longer regulated. Typical analysis methods use conventional optical and Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) to measure and observe fibers.

In-situ Multilayer Film Growth Characterization by Brewster Angle Reflectance Differential Spectroscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dietz ◽  
D.J. Stephens ◽  
G. Lucovsky ◽  
K.J. Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Optical Constants ◽  
Multilayer Film ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Brewster Angle ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Differential Spectroscopy

AbstractBrewster Angle Reflectance Differential Spectroscopy (BARDS) has been proposed as an optical method for real-time characterization of the growth of thin films. BARDS is based on changes in the reflectivity, Rp, of parallel (p)-polarized light incident at, or near, the Brewster angle of the substrate material. Changes in R are sufficiently large to monitor layer growth, and to determine the thickness and the optical constants of the deposited film. In this paper we extend the method to multilayer film deposition. The derivative properties of R are correlated with differences in the optical constants of the two materials, and with the sharpness of their interface. We present spectra for SiO2/Si3N4/SiO2/Si, demonstrating some of these aspects of this new and effective approach to in-situ monitoring.

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