scholarly journals The Expression of Success: Are Thin-Slices of Pre-performance Nonverbal Behavior Prior to Throwing Darts Predictive of Performance in Professional Darts?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Furley ◽  
Daniel Memmert
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Stimulus Material ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Thin Slices ◽  
Short Video ◽  
Perceptual Motor Performance ◽  
Valid Information

Abstract The present research attempted to test how skilled people are at predicting perceptual-motor performance of professional darts players based on short observations of pre-performance nonverbal behavior. In four thin-slices experiments (total N = 490) we randomly sampled stimulus material from the 2017 World Championships of Darts showing short video recordings of the players immediately before throwing darts. Participants were asked to estimate the points scored for the respective throws. Results across four experiments, all of which were successfully replicated in direct replication attempts, supported the hypothesis that pre-performance nonverbal behavior of professional darts players gives valid information to observers about subsequent performance tendencies. The present research is the first to show that highly skilled individuals seem to display nonverbal cues that observers can pick up to draw inferences about how these individuals are likely to perform.

scholarly journals Nonverbal pre-performance expressions of professional darts players distinguish between good and poor performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Furley ◽  
Florian Klingner ◽  
Daniel Memmert
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Lens Model ◽  
Appearance Modeling ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Thin Slices ◽  
Perceptual Motor Performance ◽  
Valid Information

AbstractThe present research attempted to extend prior research that showed that thin-slices of pre-performance nonverbal behavior (NVB) of professional darts players gives valid information to observers about subsequent performance tendencies. Specifically, we investigated what kind of nonverbal cues were associated with success and informed thin-slice ratings. Participants (N = 61) were first asked to estimate the performance of a random sample of videos showing the preparatory NVB of professional darts players (N = 47) either performing well (470 clips) or poorly (470 clips). Preparatory NVB was assessed via preparation times and Active Appearance Modeling using Noldus FaceReader. Results showed that observers could distinguish between good and poor performance based on thin-slices of preparatory NVB (p = 0.001, d = 0.87). Further analyses showed that facial expressions prior to poor performance showed more arousal (p = 0.011, ƞ2p = 0.10), sadness (p = 0.040, ƞ2p = 0.04), and anxiety (p = 0.009, ƞ2p = 0.09) and preparation times were shorter (p = 0.001, ƞ2p = 0.36) prior to poor performance than good performance. Lens model analyses showed preparation times (p = 0.001, rho = 0.18), neutral (p = 0.001, rho = 0.13), sad (rho = 0.12), and facial expressions of arousal (p = 0.001, rho = 0.11) to be correlated with observers’ performance ratings. Hence, preparation times and facial cues associated with a player’s level of arousal, neutrality, and sadness seem to be valid nonverbal cues that observers utilize to infer information about subsequent perceptual-motor performance.

scholarly journals Thin Slices of Athletes’ Nonverbal Behavior Give Away Game Location: Testing the Territoriality Hypothesis of the Home Game Advantage

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 147470491877645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Furley ◽  
Geoffrey Schweizer ◽  
Daniel Memmert
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Stimulus Material ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Thin Slices ◽  
Home Advantage ◽  
Thin Slices Of Behavior ◽  
Home Game ◽  
At Home

The present research investigated whether perceivers could detect who is playing at home or away in soccer matches based on thin slices of professional (Experiment 1) and amateur (Experiment 3) athletes’ nonverbal behavior prior to the match and whether perceivers rated athletes playing at home relatively higher on behavioral dimensions (Experiments 2 and 3) linked to territoriality. In Experiment 1 ( N = 80), participants watched short videos depicting soccer players prior to a UEFA Champions League match and rated whether athletes were more likely to be playing at home or away. In Experiment 2 (two groups N = 102 and N = 101), perceivers rated these videos in terms of assertiveness, dominance, and aggression. In Experiment 3, we replicated the procedure of Experiments 1 and 2 with different stimulus material from amateur soccer ( N = 112). Participants could significantly differentiate between home playing and away playing athletes (Experiment 1: d = 0.44 and Experiment 3: d = 1.07). Experiments 2 and 3 showed that perceivers rated professional and amateur soccer players higher on assertiveness ( d = 0.34–0.63), dominance ( d = 0.20–0.55), and aggression ( d = 0.16–0.49) when playing at home compared to playing away. Findings are supportive of evolutionary accounts of nonverbal behavior, ecological approaches to person perception, and the thin slices of behavior hypothesis by demonstrating that humans change their nonverbal behavior depending on game location. We discuss the relevance of the present findings for the home advantage in sports.

scholarly journals Coming back into the loop: Drivers’ perceptual-motor performance in critical events after automated driving

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyron Louw ◽  
Gustav Markkula ◽  
Erwin Boer ◽  
Ruth Madigan ◽  
Oliver Carsten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Critical Events ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Perceptual Motor Performance

scholarly journals Reading Lies: Nonverbal Communication and Deception

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldert Vrij ◽  
Maria Hartwig ◽  
Pär Anders Granhag
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
The State ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Nonverbal Behaviors ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between nonverbal communication and deception continues to attract much interest, but there are many misconceptions about it. In this review, we present a scientific view on this relationship. We describe theories explaining why liars would behave differently from truth tellers, followed by research on how liars actually behave and individuals’ ability to detect lies. We show that the nonverbal cues to deceit discovered to date are faint and unreliable and that people are mediocre lie catchers when they pay attention to behavior. We also discuss why individuals hold misbeliefs about the relationship between nonverbal behavior and deception—beliefs that appear very hard to debunk. We further discuss the ways in which researchers could improve the state of affairs by examining nonverbal behaviors in different ways and in different settings than they currently do.

scholarly journals (A84) Video Documentation as a Supplemental Teaching Tool for Multi-Focused Emergency Management Exercises

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s23-s24
Author(s):  
C. Tedeschi ◽  
L.M. Hilmi
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
Short Video ◽  
Evaluation And Monitoring

IntroductionEmergency management education and large-scale disaster drills help to increase local capacity for dealing with a multitude of hazards. Video recordings of disaster drills offer participants with little exposure to fundamental emergency management principles an introduction to important topics and scenarios. Such resources allow ongoing training and education, thus maximizing the investment required to mount a large-scale exercise.MethodsDuring emergency management exercises in Mumbai, India between 2008 and 2010, video recordings of prior exercises were used to augment training for clinicians, administrators and public health practitioners. During the exercises, videos depicting scenario-based disaster drills were produced for use as teaching and evaluation tools focused on pre-hospital care, trauma life support, and hospital operations. Videos are distributed digitally and online, extending the teaching impact of multi-day courses and serving as a benchmark for future exercises.ResultsDuring the 2010 exercise in Mumbai, approximately eight hours of video footage were recorded by professional producers, and by participants in the evaluation and monitoring track of the course. That footage was added to a library from exercises in Ahmedabad and Mumbai, India, in 2007 and 2008. Video was used as a tool for immediate feedback on participant performance as well as the foundation for ongoing instruction. Videos allowed students to be sensitized to important issues prior to taking part in a drill, and to participate in the post-drill evaluation process.ConclusionVideo documents of disaster management exercises serve as a valuable addition to an ongoing program of emergency management education and preparedness. Short video pieces increase the effectiveness of a teaching program by providing re-usable, easily accessible, and setting-specific teaching tools.

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