Risk Perceptions and Barriers to Protective Behavior Use Among Chemical Tank Cleaners: An Exploratory Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-618
Author(s):  
Eric Persaud ◽  
Catherine LePrevost
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Protective Behavior

Sex Offender Notification and Protective Behavior

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Simpson Beck ◽  
Lawrence F. Travis
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Community Notification ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Reporting Behavior ◽  
Precautionary Behavior ◽  
Sex Offender Notification ◽  
Hamilton County

A primary purpose of sex offender community notification statutes is to give community members the opportunity to engage in precautionary behavior to prevent victimization. This exploratory study examines the effect of notification by comparing the behavior of 87 Hamilton County, Ohio, residents receiving sex offender notification to the behavior of 149 other residents who had not received notification. The findings indicate that notified respondents are significantly more likely to engage in behaviors to protect themselves and others from victimization, and to engage in community reporting behavior.

Health-Protective Behavior: An Exploratory Study

1979 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Harris ◽  
Sharon Guten
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Protective Behavior

scholarly journals Risk Perception and Protective Behaviors During the Rise of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Savadori ◽  
Marco Lauriola
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Social Closeness ◽  
Cultural Worldviews

Risk perception is important in determining health-protective behavior. During the rise of the COVID-19 epidemic, we tested a comprehensive structural equation model of risk perception to explain adherence to protective behaviors in a crisis context using a survey of 572 Italian citizens. We identified two categories of protective behaviors, labeled promoting hygiene and cleaning, and avoiding social closeness. Social norms and risk perceptions were the more proximal antecedents of both categories. Cultural worldviews, affect, and experience of COVID-19 were the more distal predictors. Promoting hygiene and cleaning was triggered by the negative affective attitude toward coronavirus and mediated by an affective appraisal of risk. The deliberate dimension of risk perception (perceived likelihood) predicted only avoiding social closeness. Social norms predicted both types of behaviors and mediated the relations of cultural worldviews. Individualism (vs. communitarianism), more than hierarchy (vs. egalitarianism), shaped the affective evaluation of coronavirus. The model was an acceptable fit to the data and accounted for 20% and 29% of the variance in promoting hygiene and cleaning, and avoiding social closeness, respectively. The findings were robust to the effect of sociodemographic factors (age, gender, education, socioeconomic status, and zone of the country). Taken together, our findings confirmed the empirical distinction between affective and deliberate processes in risk perception, supported the validity of the affect heuristic, and highlighted the role of social norms as an account for why individualistic people were less likely to follow the prescribed health-protective behaviors. Implications for risk communication are discussed.

scholarly journals Female sex workers perspectives and concerns regarding HIV self-testing: An exploratory study in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soori Nnko ◽  
Daniel Nyato ◽  
Evodius Kuringe ◽  
Caterina Casalini ◽  
Amani Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background HIV testing is a gateway to HIV care and treatment for those testing positive, and can link those with negative reactive tests to HIV preventive services, including enrolment into pre exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). While benefits of HIV testing services (HTS) are known, uptake of HTS among female sex workers (FSWs) in Tanzania and across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains suboptimal. Introduction of HIV self-testing (HIVST) may mitigate some of the barriers for the uptake of HTS, and contribute to greater linkage to care and prevention services. This study explored perspectives of FSWs towards HIVST, to inform a large-scale combination HIV prevention program addressing key populations (KPs) in Tanzania. Methods We conducted an exploratory study employing in-depth interviews (IDI) and participatory group discussions (PGD) with FSWs. PGD collected normative data e.g. perceptions and attitudes towards HTS, whereas IDI collected personal information e.g. sexual practices and HIV risk perceptions. Study participants were recruited through snowball sampling. Data were thematically analysed using NVivo software. Emerging themes were explored in the tradition of Grounded Theory. The analysis was informed by the social ecological model and focused on factors associated with feasibility of scale up of HIVST. Results A total of 20 PGD sessions were conducted involving 227 participants. We also conducted IDIs with 21 FSWs. Study participants were enthusiastic toward HIVST. Convenience (time and cost saved), and belief that HIVST will increase privacy and confidentiality were primary in participants’ support for the HIVST. Participants did express concerns about their ability to interpret and trust the results of the test. Participants also expressed concern that HIVST could cause personal harm, including severe distress and self-harm for the FSWs with reactive test – this was related to the lack of professional counselling support in the self-testing environment. Conclusions Increased confidentiality, reduced cost for care, and increased autonomy were among the leading motivations to use HIVST. Major concerns included fear of HIV positive results, and not trusting self-diagnoses. We underscore the importance of providing adequate support services in conjunction with HIVST, e.g. access to counselling and referral services, and user-accessible support to the interpretations of test results.

scholarly journals Hazard Perception and Disaster Information of Turkish Secondary School Students*

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
Ilyas Kara ◽  
Nevin Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
School Students ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Disaster Knowledge ◽  
Hazard Awareness

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the levels of hazard awareness, risk perceptions, the knowledge of response-related protective behavior, and disaster knowledge within the framework of secondary school curriculum in Turkey. A questionnaire examining various measures including hazard awareness, risk perceptions, and general disaster knowledge test was answered by 8th-grade students of schools in Erbaa, Niksar, and Taşova located in North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) in Turkey. The data from a total of 654 surveys were analyzed utilizing chi-squared, t-test, and ANOVA.The research findings proved that students' disaster awareness and risk perceptions about the environment in which they live are quite realistic. The high levels of earthquake risk perception and fear were related to the fact that they live in settlements located in NAFZ with the highest level of earthquake risk in Turkey. However, research findings proved that most of the students had a fairly low level of knowledge of response-related protective behaviors, and significant differences were found in the context of schools and settlements. Key words: 8th-grade students, risk assessment, hazard education, disaster education, Turkey

scholarly journals Does Ethnic Diversity Impact on Risk Perceptions, Preparedness, and Management of Heat Waves?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Siman-Tov ◽  
Kirsten Vanderplanken ◽  
Debarati Guha-Sapir ◽  
Joris A. F. van Loenhout ◽  
Bruria Adini
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Majority Groups ◽  
Individual Ability

Detrimental health impacts of heatwaves, including excess mortality, are increasing worldwide. To assess risk perceptions, protective knowledge and behaviors concerning heatwaves in Israel, a study was initiated, comparing attitudes of majority (Jewish) and minority (Arab) populations. A quantitative survey was disseminated through an internet panel, to a representative sample of 556 individuals (79% Jews; 21% Arabs). Overall, 74% consider heatwaves a problem, 93% believe that heatwaves' frequencies will increase, 27% are very concerned about the effects of heatwaves. Higher levels of awareness to heatwaves were found among Jewish compared to Arab respondents; 90 vs. 77% (respectively) could name heatwaves' symptoms (p < 0.001); 81 vs. 56% (respectively) reported knowing how to protect themselves (p < 0.001); 74 vs. 47% (respectively) reported knowing what to do when someone suffers from heat stroke (p < 0.001). Arab compared to Jewish respondents presented higher levels of concern about heatwaves' effects (3.22 vs. 3.09 respectively; t −2.25, p = 0.03), while knowledge of protective measures was higher among Jews compared to Arabs (3.67 vs. 3.56 t = 2.13 p = 0.04). A crucial component of enhancing preparedness to heatwaves is empowerment of minority as well as majority groups, to strengthen their capacity to implement protective behavior and elevate their self-belief in their individual ability and fortitude.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document