scholarly journals The Role of the Valence, Arousing Properties and Subjective Significance of Subliminally Presented Words in Affective Priming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Imbir ◽  
Maciej Pastwa ◽  
Magdalena Walkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Response Code ◽  
Quick Response Code ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Subjective Significance

AbstractIn the verbal affective priming paradigm, the properties of a subliminally presented stimulus alter the interpretation of neutral target stimulus. In the experiment reported here, we tested the role of four factors (valence, origin, arousing properties and subjective significance) that determine the emotional reactions to words in affective priming. Subliminal masked presentation of words preceded the explicit task, which was assessment of neutral Quick Response code (QR code) stimuli. The QRs were codes for words representing personality traits. The results showed the effect of assimilation (negative words caused a negative interpretation, positive caused a positive interpretation) for words’ emotional valence and no effects for origin. Concerning arousal, we found a weak negative trend. In the case of subjective significance, a moderate positive trend was found. These results suggest that affective priming effects are susceptible not only to the valence of priming stimuli but also to activation factors.

Confabulated Explanations

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-69
Author(s):  
Lisa Bortolotti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Peer Feedback ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
Share Information ◽  
Epistemic Innocence

In this chapter, the author argues that the ill-grounded explanations agents sincerely offer for their choices have the potential for epistemic innocence. Such explanations are not based on evidence about the causes of the agents’ behaviour and typically turn out to be inaccurate. That is because agents tend to underestimate the role of priming effects, implicit biases, and basic emotional reactions in their decision making. However, offering explanations for their choices, even when the explanations are ill-grounded, enables them to share information about their choices with peers, facilitating peer feedback and self-reflection. Moreover, by providing plausible explanations for their behaviour—rather than acknowledging the influence of factors that cannot be easily controlled—agents preserve a sense of themselves as competent and largely coherent decision makers, which can improve their decision making.

Priming effects on the N400 in the affective priming paradigm with facial expressions of emotion

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Aguado ◽  
Teresa Dieguez-Risco ◽  
Constantino Méndez-Bértolo ◽  
Miguel A. Pozo ◽  
José A. Hinojosa
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion

scholarly journals The affective priming paradigm as an indirect measure of food attitudes and related choice behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1397-1415
Author(s):  
Loukia Tzavella ◽  
Leah Maizey ◽  
Andrew D. Lawrence ◽  
Christopher D. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Affective Priming ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Choice Behaviour ◽  
Manipulation Check ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Food Attitudes ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn this Registered Report, we assessed the utility of the affective priming paradigm (APP) as an indirect measure of food attitudes and related choice behaviour in two separate cohorts. Participants undertook a speeded evaluative categorization task in which target words were preceded by food primes that differed in terms of affective congruence with the target, explicit liking (most liked or least liked), and healthiness (healthy or unhealthy). Non-food priming effects were tested as a manipulation check, and the relationship between food priming effects and impulsive choice behaviour was also investigated using a binary food choice task. As predicted, priming effects were observed for both healthy and unhealthy foods, but there was no difference in the magnitude of these effects. This may suggest that the paradigm is most sensitive to affective, but not cognitive, components of attitudes (i.e., healthiness), but alternative theoretical explanations and implications of this finding are discussed. Food and non-food priming effects were observed in both reaction time (RT) and error rate (ER) data, but contrary to expectations, we found no association between food RT priming effects and choice behaviour. All findings from confirmatory analyses regarding RT and ER priming effects, and the absence of the expected correlations between priming effects and impulsive food choices, were successfully replicated in the online cohort of participants. Overall, this study confirms the robustness of the APP as an indirect measure of food liking and raises questions about its applied value for research of eating behaviours.

Directionality of Affective Priming: Effects of Trait Anxiety and Activation Level

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus A. Maier ◽  
Michael P. Berner ◽  
Reinhard Pekrun
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Spreading Activation ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Activation Level ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Multiple Priming

Abstract. Among the most influential models of automatic affective processing is the spreading activation account ( Fazio, Sanbonmatsu, Powell, & Kardes, 1986 ). However, investigations of this model by different research groups using the pronunciation task in an affective priming paradigm yielded contradictory results. Whereas one research group reported congruency effects, another obtained reversed priming effects (contrast effects), and still another found null effects. In Experiment 1, we were able to show an influence of trait anxiety on the direction of the affective priming effect. By using a multiple priming paradigm in Experiment 2, we were able to link the occurrence of reversed priming effects to increased levels of activation of affective representations. We propose that this relation might underlie the influence of trait anxiety on the direction of affective priming effects. Both experiments indicate that automatic evaluation in an affective network is substantially moderated by personality traits and activation level.

Mixed Evidence for Name Priming Effects as a Measure of Implicit Self-Esteem: A Conceptual Replication of Krause Et Al. (2012)

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-607
Author(s):  
Adrian Jusepeitis ◽  
Klaus Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Online Data Collection ◽  
Affective Priming Task

Krause et al. (2012) demonstrated that evaluative responses elicited by self-related primes in an affective priming task have incremental validity over explicit self-esteem in predicting self-serving biases in performance estimations and expectations in an anagram task. We conducted a conceptual replication of their experiment in which we added a behavioral and an affective outcome and presented names instead of faces as self-related primes. A heterogeneous sample (N = 96) was recruited for an online data collection. Name primes produced significantly positive and reliable priming effects, which correlated with explicit self-esteem. However, neither these priming effects nor explicit self-esteem predicted the cognitive, affective, or behavioral outcomes. Despite the lack of predictive validity of the implicit measure for affective and behavioral outcomes, the positive and reliable priming effects produced by name primes warrant the further investigation of the validity of the affective priming paradigm as a measure of implicit self-esteem.

scholarly journals The Role of Body Sensations in Understanding One's Own Emotions

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
O.V. Balueva ◽  
Yu.E. Kravchenko ◽  
S.I. Kartashov
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Body Sensations ◽  
Theories Of Emotions ◽  
Objective Indicators

There are at least three different viewpoints among all theories of emotions that attempt to explain the role of body sensations in understanding one's own emotions. In order to compare the explanatory resources of these viewpoints we conducted a research in which the subjects (n=59) were shown a series of neutral and emo¬tionally significant slides (taken from the IAPS database). During the slideshow we registered the subjects' pulse and galvanic skin response. The subjects were asked to assess the intensity of their emotional reactions and body sensations in response to the emotionally significant slides, and also filled in a questionnaire on emo¬tional intelligence that enabled us to measure their ability to understand their own emotions as well as those of other people. The outcomes of our research show that sensations accompanying emotional experiences are not the result of interoception as they do not correspond with objective indicators of the changes in physio¬logical arousal, whereas they do correspond in many ways with the subjects' emotional appraisal of the stimuli and self-assessment of sensations. These outcomes also revealed that subjective evaluations of body sensations correlate with emotional valence, while heart rate (the objective indicator of arousal) correlates with modali¬ty of the emotion.

scholarly journals Affective Priming with Pictures of Emotional Scenes: The Role of Perceptual Similarity and Category Relatedness

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Avero ◽  
Manuel G. Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Perceptual Similarity ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Emotional Scenes

Prime pictures portraying pleasant or unpleasant scenes were briefly presented (150-ms display; SOAs of 300 or 800 ms), followed by probe pictures either congruent or incongruent in emotional valence. In an evaluative decision task, participants responded whether the probe was emotionally positive or negative. Affective priming was reflected in shorter response latencies for congruent than for incongruent prime-probe pairs. Although this effect was enhanced by perceptual similarity between the prime and the probe, it also occurred for probes that were physically different, and the effect generalized across semantic categories (animals vs. people). It is concluded that affective priming is a genuine phenomenon, in that it occurs as a function of stimulus emotional content, in the absence of both perceptual similarity and semantic category relatedness between the prime and the probe.

Viewers' Interpretations of Film Characters' Emotions: Effects of Presenting Film Music Before or After a Character is Shown

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siu-Lan Tan ◽  
Matthew P. Spackman ◽  
Matthew A. Bezdek
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Film Music ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Single Character ◽  
Film Content ◽  
Music Research

STUDIES ADDRESSING EFFECTS OF MUSIC ON VIEWERS' perceptions of film have usually presented music simultaneously with a scene of interest. In the present study, 177 undergraduates viewed film excerpts with music presented before or after a scene featuring a single character. Whereas the film characters had emotionally neutral or subdued facial expressions, the music conveyed happiness, sadness, fear, or anger. Overall, participants tended to interpret characters' emotions in ways that were consistent with the particular emotion expressed in the music, offering evidence for both forward and backward affective priming effects. Our data confirm Boltz, Schulkind, and Kantra's (1991) findings on the role of music in foreshadowing. As far as we are aware, the effects of music on a prior scene have not been demonstrated in film music research. Our findings suggest that music does not have to be presented concurrently with onscreen images to influence viewers' interpretations of film content.

scholarly journals Affective Priming With Musical Chords is Influenced by Pitch Numerosity

2020 ◽  
pp. 102986492091112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Lahdelma ◽  
James Armitage ◽  
Tuomas Eerola
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Musical Chords ◽  
Negative Target ◽  
Target Words

Previous studies using an affective priming paradigm have shown that valenced chords (e.g., consonant–positive; dissonant–negative) facilitate the evaluation of similarly valenced target words. The role of numerosity (the total number of pitches in a chord) and timbre has not yet been systematically investigated in previous priming studies using consonant/dissonant chords. An experiment was conducted in which 40 participants evaluated positive and negative target words with consonant/dissonant chords used as affective primes. Eight distinct chords (four consonant and four dissonant) were used as primes; the consonant and dissonant chords were equally divided to comprise either two (i.e., interval) or four (i.e., tetrad) pitches. Each chord was played with two distinct timbres (piano and harmonium), resulting in a total of 16 chords. Results showed that congruent chord–word pairings resulted in faster reaction times, and this finding was in line with previous research using consonant/dissonant chords as primes. However, this effect was present only with tetrad chords, suggesting that numerosity influences affective priming done with chords. There were no significant effects of timbre or the musical sophistication of the participants. Arguments are made as to why higher pitch numerosity in chords (resulting in acoustic complexity) might influence the evaluation of valenced target words.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document