scholarly journals Effortful Control and Community Violence Exposure as Predictors of Developmental Trajectories of Self-serving Cognitive Distortions in Adolescence: A Growth Mixture Modeling Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 2358-2371
Author(s):  
Concetta Esposito ◽  
Gaetana Affuso ◽  
Mirella Dragone ◽  
Dario Bacchini
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
School Students ◽  
High Exposure

Abstract Self-serving cognitive distortions are biased or rationalizing beliefs and thoughts that originate from the individual persistence into immature moral judgment stages during adolescence and adulthood, increasing the individual’s engagement in antisocial or immoral conducts. To date, the literature examining trajectories of cognitive distortions over time and their precursors is limited. This study sought to fill this gap, by examining effortful control and community violence exposure as individual and environmental precursors to developmental trajectories of cognitive distortions in adolescence. The sample consisted of 803 Italian high school students (349 males; Mage = 14.19, SD = 0.57). Three trajectories of cognitive distortions were identified: (1) moderately high and stable cognitive distortions (N = 311), (2) moderate and decreasing cognitive distortions (N = 363), and (3) low and decreasing cognitive distortions (N = 129). Both low effortful control and high exposure to community violence were significant predictors for moderately high and stable trajectory of cognitive distortions. These results point to the importance of considering moral development as a process involving multiple levels of individual ecology, highlighting the need to further explore how dispositional and environmental factors might undermine developmental processes of morality.

Effects of Community Violence Exposure and Parental Mental Health on the Internalizing Problems of Urban Adolescents

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon R. Self-Brown ◽  
Monique LeBlanc ◽  
Mary Lou Kelley ◽  
Rochelle Hanson ◽  
Karen Laslie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parental Mental Health ◽  
School Students

Previous research has documented an association between adolescent community violence exposure (CVE) and poor psychological functioning. The purpose of this study is to delineate the relations of CVE, parental mental health, and adolescent PTSD and depression. Participants consisted of 121 pairs of junior high and high school students and their parents. Adolescents completed measures to assess their history of violence exposure and current psychological functioning. Parents completed a demographic questionnaire and measures assessing their psychological functioning. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted, and results indicated that, after controlling for demographic variables and family violence exposure, parental mental health emerged as a moderating variable in the relation between CVE and adolescent-rated PTSD, but not in the association between adolescent CVE and depression. Clinical implications of this study and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Pathways Linking Exposure to Community Violence, Self-serving Cognitive Distortions and School Bullying Perpetration: A Three-Wave Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirella Dragone ◽  
Concetta Esposito ◽  
Grazia De Angelis ◽  
Gaetana Affuso ◽  
Dario Bacchini
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Witnessing Violence ◽  
Bullying Perpetration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Over Time

School bullying is a social phenomenon stemming from a complex interrelationship between the individuals and their environments. Underpinned by the social-ecological models, this study investigated the mediation of self-serving cognitive distortions (CDs) in the relationship between community violence exposure, as a victim and as a witness, and bullying perpetration. Bidirectional associations between violence exposure and bullying perpetration, and between CDs and bullying perpetration over time were also hypothesized. The study used a three-waves cross-lagged panel modeling in a sample of 829 Italian high school adolescents (46% males; Mage [Time 1; T1] = 12.71; Standard deviation [SD] = 1.68). The results showed that being exposed to community violence as a witness at T1 increased the development of CDs at Time 2 (T2), which in turn promoted the bullying perpetration at Time 3 (T3). Being exposed to community violence as a victim was not a significant predictor of CDs and bullying perpetration over time. Bidirectional associations were found between witnessing violence and bullying perpetration, and between CDs and bullying perpetration. The association between community violence exposure and individual moral cognitions over time plays a crucial role in predicting bullying perpetration. These findings highlight the need to consider both contextual and individual factors in understanding and preventing bullying perpetration.

scholarly journals Community Violence Exposure and School Functioning in Youth: Cross-Country and Gender Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Koposov ◽  
Johan Isaksson ◽  
Robert Vermeiren ◽  
Mary Schwab-Stone ◽  
Andrew Stickley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
School Functioning ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
New Haven ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Violent Events

Background: Many children and adolescents experience violent events which can be associated with negative consequences for their development, mental health, school, and social functioning. However, findings between settings and on the role of gender have been inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate cross-country and gender differences in the relationship between community violence exposure (CVE) and school functioning in a sample of youths from three countries.Methods: A self-report survey was conducted among school students (12–17 years old) in Belgium (Antwerp, N = 4,743), Russia (Arkhangelsk, N = 2,823), and the US (New Haven, N = 4,101). Students were recruited from within classes that were randomly selected from within schools that had themselves been randomly selected (excepting New Haven, where all students were included). CVE was assessed with the Screening Survey of Exposure to Community Violence. School functioning was assessed with four measures: the Perceived Teacher Support scale, Negative Classroom Environment scale, and Academic Motivation and Perception of Safety at School scales. Multivariate Analyses of Covariance were performed to assess differences in the levels of school-related problem behaviors in boys and girls, who reported different degrees of CVE.Results: Participants in all three countries reported a relatively high prevalence of violence exposure (36.2% in Belgium, 39.3% in Russia and 45.2% in the US who witnessed violence), with a higher proportion of girls than boys witnessing violent events (varied from 37.4 to 51.6% between the countries), whereas boys reported more episodes of victimization by violence than girls (varied from 32.3 to 49.9% between the countries). Youths who experienced increased CVE (from no exposure to witnessing to victimization) reported an increase in all school functioning problems in all of the countries and this association was not gender-specific.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that regardless of differences in the level of CVE by country and gender, violence exposure is negatively associated with school functioning across countries. Nonetheless, even though reactions to community violence among adolescents may be expressed in a similar fashion, cross-country differences in social support systems should also be taken into account in order to provide culturally sensitive treatment modalities.

Community Violence Exposure Measure

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Ranney ◽  
Maureen Walton ◽  
Lauren Whiteside ◽  
Quyen Epstein-Ngo ◽  
Rikki Patton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Community Violence Exposure
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