scholarly journals Multibody dynamics analysis of the human upper body for rotorcraft–pilot interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 1517-1539
Author(s):  
Andrea Zanoni ◽  
Alessandro Cocco ◽  
Pierangelo Masarati
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Handling Qualities ◽  
Multibody Model ◽  
Scaling Procedure ◽  
Spine Model

AbstractThe study of the biodynamic response of helicopter passengers and pilots, when excited by rotorcraft vibrations that are transmitted through the seat and, for the latter, the control inceptors, is of great importance in different areas of aircraft design. Handling qualities are affected by the proneness of the aircraft to give rise to adverse interactions, an unwanted quality that can be captured by the so-called biodynamic feedthrough. On the other hand, the transmissibility of vibrations, especially from the seat to the head, affects the comfort of pilots and passengers during flight. Detailed and parametrised multibody modelling of the human upper body can provide a strong base to support design decisions justified by a first-principles approach. In this work, a multibody model of the upper body is formed by connecting a previously developed detailed model of the arms to a similarly detailed model of the spine. The whole model can be adapted to a specific subject, identified by age, gender, weight and height. The spine model and the scaling procedure have been validated using the experimental results for seat to head transmissibility. The coupled spine-arms model is used to evaluate the biodynamic response in terms of involuntary motion induced on the control inceptors, including the related nonlinearities.

Effects of Flight Controls and Cockpit Layout Design in Rotorcraft-Pilot Couplings: A Computational Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cocco ◽  
Andrea Zanoni ◽  
Vincenzo Muscarello ◽  
Pierangelo Masarati
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Layout Design ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Dynamic Phenomenon ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Handling Qualities ◽  
Multibody Model ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Flight Controls

Abstract Rotorcraft-Pilot-Coupling (RPC) is a dynamic phenomenon in which the rotorcraft vibrations are transmitted through the cockpit, the seat and the control inceptors to the helicopter pilot and to the passengers. Handling qualities are affected by the proneness of the of rotorcraft to give rise to adverse interactions, an unwanted quality that can be captured by the so called biodynamic feedthrough. In this work, a multibody model of the whole upper body, developed by the authors, is used in order of evaluate the effects of several parameters influencing cockpit layout design: namely, the pilot seat backrest angle, compliance, and connection to the cockpit floor. As a representative parameter of the flight controls design, the effects related to the characteristics of the trim spring is also investigated. Simulations encompass subjects of different anthropometric data, in order to represent possible intra-subject variations. Biomechanical feedthroughs at the collective and cyclic commands, in response to vertical acceleration inputs, are discussed, along with single-harmonic, high magnitude input responses that highlight the presence and importance of nonlinear effects.

Mini Baja Off-Road Vehicle Design and Optimization Using Finite Element Analysis

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Gjessing ◽  
Rafiqul I. Noorani
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Finite Element Software

Abstract This paper describes the design, analysis and optimization of a Mini Baja off-road vehicle which will be used to compete with other schools of the nation. The project is undertaken by a group of mechanical engineering students of Loyola Marymount University. The finite element software package used for the optimization is COSMOS/M from SAC in Santa Monaco, CA. Suggestions on how to best use the software to support design decisions is also given. The optimization is made based on material and weight of the vehicle.

scholarly journals Extended Sequence Modelling in Design Engineering – Gaining and Documenting Knowledge about Embodiment Function Relations with the C&C2-Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1483-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Matthiesen ◽  
Patric Grauberger ◽  
Lukas Schrempp
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Models ◽  
Design Engineering ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Engineering Teams ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Embodiment Design ◽  
Extended Sequence ◽  
And Function

AbstractIn embodiment design, functions are implemented in a technical systems embodiment. For doing so, design engineers need to understand the relations of embodiment and function. Many systems change their states during function fulfilment which complicates their relations and leads to ambiguity in design decisions. The challenge for design engineers is that they often need to make important decisions about the design before they can use sophisticated analytical models to investigate them. This contribution presents a structure for the C&C²-Sequence Model as a non-analytical model to support design engineers in modelling embodiment function relations. This structure contains four dimensions that are derived from the state of the art and preliminary work. It enables the structuring of gained knowledge about embodiment function relations and supports their communication in design engineering teams. Two development projects in academic and corporate environment are conducted using the structure to investigate its applicability. In these projects, design engineers were able to document and use gained knowledge about the investigated complicated systems.

A detailed finite element model of a mid-sized male for the investigation of traffic pedestrian accidents

2020 ◽  
pp. 095441192097622
Author(s):  
Daniel Grindle ◽  
Wansoo Pak ◽  
Berkan Guleyupoglu ◽  
Bharath Koya ◽  
F Scott Gayzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Automotive Safety ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Safety Research

The pedestrian is one of the most vulnerable road users and comprises approximately 23% of the road crash-related fatalities in the world. To protect pedestrians during Car-to-Pedestrian Collisions (CPC), subsystem impact tests are used in regulations. These tests provide insight but cannot characterize the complex vehicle-pedestrian interaction. The main purpose of this study was to develop and validate a detailed pedestrian Finite Element (FE) model corresponding to a 50th percentile male to predict CPC induced injuries. The model geometry was reconstructed using a multi-modality protocol from medical images and exterior scan data corresponding to a mid-sized male volunteer. To investigate injury response, this model included internal organs, muscles and vessels. The lower extremity, shoulder and upper body of the model were validated against Post Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) test data in valgus bending, and lateral/anterior-lateral blunt impacts, respectively. The whole-body pedestrian model was validated in CPC simulations using a mid-sized sedan and simplified generic vehicles bucks and previously unpublished PMHS coronal knee angle data. In the component validations, the responses of the FE model were mostly within PMHS test corridors and in whole body validations the kinematic and injury responses predicted by the model showed similar trends to PMHS test data. Overall, the detailed model showed higher biofidelity, especially in the upper body regions, compared to a previously reported simplified pedestrian model, which recommends using it in future pedestrian automotive safety research.

The role of evidence-based design in informing health-care architects

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Jalal Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Traditional Design

Purpose This study aims to trace the relationship between the evidence-based design (EBD) process and decision-making during the architectural design process, the barriers to informing health-care architects and possible methods to overcome these barriers. Design/methodology/approach This study aims to explore the barriers to the EBD process during the design process by reviewing the relevant literature and future steps to overcome these barriers and support design decisions. Findings The study shows that EBD is a relevant, useful tool for providing evidence that positively affects design decisions. This study divides EBD barriers into simple barriers and complex barriers, depending on the nature of the barrier. Additionally, methods to overcome these barriers are discussed to ensure the best use of EBD findings with a significant impact on health-care design decisions, as they are core elements in informing architects, especially when combined with the traditional design process. This study investigates how likely it is for the EBD to contribute optimally to design decisions depending on architects’ skills and cooperation with researchers. Originality/value This study can apprize health-care architects of the need to consider the role of EBD in improving the quality of design decisions, and the importance of combining EBD with the traditional design process to implement optimal design decisions.

An Information Economic Approach for Model Selection In Engineering Design

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Ling ◽  
Christiaan J. J. Paredis
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Information Economics ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Cost

An important element of successful engineering design is the effective management of resources to support design decisions. Design decisions can be thought of as having two phases—a formulation phase and a solution phase. As part of the formulation phase, engineers must decide which models to use in support of design decisions. Although more accurate models typically lead to better decisions, they also cost more. The question therefore is: Which model provides the best cost-benefit trade-off? In this paper, we focus in particular on the situation in which the systematic error in the models can be bounded by an interval. Based on principles of information economics, the interval-based model error results in bounds on the expected economic value of using a particular model in support of a certain design decision. The decision maker can then select the model that provides the best overall value, considering both the expected benefits resulting from the decision and the cost of the decision-making process. The approach is illustrated with the design of an I-beam structure.

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