Increasing the Upper Temperature Oxidation Limit of Alumina Forming Austenitic Stainless Steels in Air with Water Vapor

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 337-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Brady ◽  
K. A. Unocic ◽  
M. J. Lance ◽  
M. L. Santella ◽  
Y. Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Temperature Oxidation

The Oxidation of Metal Alloy Foils in the Presence of Water Vapor

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Rakowski
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Chromium Oxide Layer ◽  
Nickel Base

Water vapor can be detrimental to the elevated temperature oxidation resistance of alloys that rely on the formation of a protective chromium oxide layer. The resulting degradation can be significant, particularly when such alloys are in the form of light gauge sheet and strip. Long term test results will be presented for commercially available wrought austenitic stainless steels and for the nickel-base superalloys 625 and HX exposed at 1300°F and 1400°F in environments containing various levels of water vapor.

The Oxidation of Metal Alloy Foils in the Presence of Water Vapor

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Rakowski
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Chromium Oxide Layer ◽  
Nickel Base

Water vapor can be detrimental to the elevated temperature oxidation resistance of alloys that rely on the formation of a protective chromium oxide layer. The resulting degradation can be significant, particularly when such alloys are in the form of light gauge sheet and strip. Long-term test results will be presented for commercially available wrought austenitic stainless steels and nickel-base superalloys exposed at 1300°F and 1400°F in environments containing various levels of water vapor.

Review of Several Studies on High Temperature Oxidation Behaviour and Mechanism of Austenitic Stainless Steels

2011 ◽  
Vol 312-315 ◽  
pp. 1097-1105
Author(s):  
Hisao Fujikawa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Oxide Scale ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Oxidation Behaviour ◽  
Oxide Interface ◽  
Temperature Oxidation

Three studies on the oxidation behaviour of austenitic stainless steels were described in the present paper. (1) High temperature oxidation behaviour and its mechanism in austenitic stainless steels with high silicon: Sulfur contained as impurity in steel showed a harmful influence to the oxidation resistance of 19Cr-13Ni-3.5Si stainless steels. It was found that the abnormal oxidation was caused from the surroundings of MnS inclusions. (2) Effect of a small addition of yttrium on high temperature oxidation resistance of Si-containing austenitic stain less steels: The oxidation resistance of 19Cr-10Ni-1.5Si steels was improved remarkably even with only 0.01%Y addition, which is the same concentration as added for de-oxygenation. Y was enriched at the grain boundary of oxide scale and metal-oxide interface. It was suggested that Y-containing steels shoed good oxidation resistance, because the enriched Y at the grain boundary and metal-oxide interface prevented the diffusion of iron and oxygen ions through the oxide scale. (3) Effect of grain size on the oxidation behaviour of austenitic stainless steels: Type 304, 316 and 310 steels with finer grain size showed better oxidation resistance than those with coarser grain size at 850°C. The oxide scale of steels with coarser grain size easily spalled during the cooling process.

High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steels

2013 ◽  
Vol 575-576 ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Sheng Li ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Hong Dou ◽  
Pei Gao ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Oxide Scale ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Oxidation Kinetic ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Temperature Oxidation

The oxidation kinetic curves of four kinds of austenitic stainless steel at 700°C was measured by weighting method. It is showed that the oxidation curves of those austenitic stainless steels follow the parabolic law. The mass gain of 800Al steel. is the least of all. The surfacemorphology and structure of the oxide scale were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. It is found that adense oxide scale formed at 700°C in all four austenitic stainless steels. In austenitic stainless steel with high Mn content, scales are mainly composed of Mn2O3 and the spinel MnFe2O4. Scales of austenitic stainless steel with high Cr content but without element Al are composed by Cr2O3 and the small amount of spinel FeCr2O4 . Scales of austenitic stainless steel with element Al and Cr are composed of (Fe0.6Cr0.4)2O3 and Al oxide, showing the excellent oxidation resistance property.

scholarly journals The Effects of Water Vapor on the Oxidation Behavior of Alumina Forming Austenitic Stainless Steels

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 541-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Yanar ◽  
B. S. Lutz ◽  
L. Garcia-Fresnillo ◽  
M. P. Brady ◽  
Gerald H. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Oxidation Behavior ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels

High Temperature Oxidation of Chromium-Nickel Steels★

CORROSION ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. CAPLAN ◽  
M. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Chromium Steel ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Thin Oxide Film ◽  
Scale Layer

Abstract The scaling of austenitic stainless steels Type 302, 309 and 330 has been investigated by weight gain vs time measurements in air at 1600 to 2000 F and subsequent examination of the scales. As had been found previously with chromium steel, the curves exhibit breaks indicating intermediate periods of rapid oxidation due to disruption of the protective scale layer. Accumulation of silica at the metal/scale interface is found to contribute to this disruption; voids are considered to have the same effect. A distinction is drawn between such breaks and the type which arises from the extraordinary protectiveness of an initial thin oxide film, which is markedly affected by surface preparation and prior treatment. 3.2.3

The Effect of Water Vapor on Cr Depletion in Advanced Recuperator Alloys

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Pint
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Operating Lifetime ◽  
Cr Depletion

Durable alloy foils are needed for gas turbine recuperators operating at 650°–700°C. It has been established that water vapor in the exhaust gas causes more rapid consumption of Cr in austenitic stainless steels leading to a reduction in operating lifetime of these thin-walled components. Laboratory testing at 650°–800°C of commercial and model alloys is being used to develop a better understanding of the long-term rate of Cr consumption in these environments. Results are presented for commercial alloys 709, 120 and 625. After 10,000h exposures at 650° and 700°C in humid air, grain boundary Cr depletion was observed near the surface of all these materials. In the Fe-base alloys, 709 and 120, this depletion led to localized Fe-rich nodule formation. This information then can be used to develop low-cost alternatives to currently available candidate materials.

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