Exploring the Solid-Form Landscape of Pharmaceutical Hydrates: Transformation Pathways of the Sodium Naproxen Anhydrate-Hydrate System

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhara Raijada ◽  
Andrew D. Bond ◽  
Flemming H. Larsen ◽  
Claus Cornett ◽  
Haiyan Qu ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lali Tigishvili ◽  
Keti Tsomaia ◽  
Khatuna Khachapuridze ◽  
Nino Kekelidze ◽  
Giorgi Mchedlishvili ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul Rizal ◽  
Amin Suhandi

There are many attempts to support the development of industry in Indonesia, especially on automotive sector, one of them is by replacing import components with local component products. Bushing is one of imported component that widely used on automotive application including motor strater. Bushing usually made of  copper alloy such as brass, bronz or babbit in a solid form by casting or extrusion process. In this research powder metal technology is used to process Cu-Al powder to become slide bearing of motor starter. It is expected that powder metal process not only increasing local content in automotive parts but also providing better quality by increasing life time of bushing compared to ordinary one. Cu-Al metal powder was compacted at various pressure, i.e: 250 MPa, 350 MPa and 450 MPa, and then all specimens were sintered at different temperatures : 4000C, 5000C dan 6000C for 1 hour.  After sintering specimens were air cooled to room temperature. After physical and mechanical test it can be deduced that bushing made by powder metallurgy method could increase its mechanical properties and as aresult improve its life time operation.  


Author(s):  
A. Z. Mohd Ali ◽  
◽  
N. A. Jalaluddin ◽  
N. Zulkiflee ◽  
◽  
...  

The production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) consumes considerable amount of natural resources, energy and at the same time contribute in high emission of CO2 to the atmosphere. A new material replacing cement as binder called geopolymer is alkali-activated concrete which are made from fly ash, sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The alkaline solution mixed with fly ash producing alternative binder to OPC binder in concrete named geopolymer paste. In the process, NaOH was fully dissolved in water and cooled to room temperature. This study aims to eliminate this process by using NaOH in solid form together with fly ash before sodium silicate liquid and water poured into the mixture. The amount of NaOH solids were based on 10M concentration. The workability test is in accordance to ASTM C230. Fifty cubic mm of the geopolymer paste were prepared which consists of fly ash to alkaline solution ratio of 1: 0.5 and the curing regime of 80℃ for 24 hours with 100% humidity were implemented. From laboratory test, the workability of dry method geopolymer paste were decreased. The compressive strength of the dry mix of NaOH showed 55% and the workability has dropped to 58.4%, it showed strength reduction compared to the wet mix method.


Author(s):  
Peter Atkins

Illustrated with remarkable new full-color images--indeed, one or more on every page--and written by one of the world's leading authorities on the subject, Reactions offers a compact, pain-free tour of the inner workings of chemistry. Reactions begins with the chemical formula almost everyone knows--the formula for water, H2O--a molecule with an "almost laughably simple chemical composition." But Atkins shows that water is also rather miraculous--it is the only substance whose solid form is less dense than its liquid (hence ice floats in water)--and incredibly central to many chemical reactions, as it is an excellent solvent, being able to dissolve gases and many solids. Moreover, Atkins tells us that water is actually chemically aggressive, and can react with and destroy the compounds dissolved in it, and he shows us what happens at the molecular level when water turns to ice--and when it melts. Moving beyond water, Atkins slowly builds up a toolkit of basic chemical processes, including precipitation (perhaps the simplest of all chemical reactions), combustion, reduction, corrosion, electrolysis, and catalysis. He then shows how these fundamental tools can be brought together in more complex processes such as photosynthesis, radical polymerization, vision, enzyme control, and synthesis. Peter Atkins is the world-renowned author of numerous best-selling chemistry textbooks for students. In this crystal-clear, attractively illustrated, and insightful volume, he provides a fantastic introductory tour--in just a few hundred colorful and lively pages - for anyone with a passing or serious interest in chemistry.


Author(s):  
Kerstin Hockmann ◽  
Niloofar Karimian ◽  
Sara Schlagenhauff ◽  
Britta Planer-Friedrich ◽  
Edward D. Burton

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
Ho Kai Patrick Tsang ◽  
Cheuk Kei Kathy Wong ◽  
Oi Fung Wong ◽  
Wing Lun William Chan ◽  
Hing Man Ma ◽  
...  

Background: Body packing is a frequently used method for drug trafficking. Local information about the clinical and radiological features of body packing is lacking. Objectives: To evaluate the radiological features of body packers presenting to a hospital near to the Hong Kong International Airport and to compare the radiological features of solid form versus liquid cocaine. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Medical notes of 269 suspected body packers, presenting to the Accident and Emergency Department of North Lantau Hospital under the detention by the law enforcement personnel from 1st January 2015 to 28th February 2017, were reviewed. The radiological features of body packing were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Sixty-nine cases were confirmed body packers radiographically. Majority of them (81%, 56/69) were cocaine packers. Powder form cocaine (67%, 49/69) was the most popular drug packed, followed by liquid cocaine (15%, 10/69). There was a trend of increasing incidence of liquid cocaine packers. The classical ‘double condom’, ‘tic tac’ and ‘halo’ signs were present in 94%, 72.5% and 42% of cases with radiologically confirmed body packing respectively. The ‘rosette’ sign was only identified in 1 case. Three new radiological signs, the ‘bag of eggs’, ‘lucent triangle’ and ‘black crescent’ sign, were suggested to aid identification of drug packets. The classical ‘tic tac’ sign was absent in all liquid cocaine packing cases (p<0.05). The liquid cocaine packets appeared irregular with indistinct border in majority of cases (p<0.05). The solid form packets were mostly opaque to faeces while liquid cocaine had variable density (p<0.05). Most solid form packets had homogeneous content which was in contrast to the heterogeneous content in liquid cocaine (p<0.05). Conclusion: Failure in detecting drug body packing may result in medicolegal consequences. Emergency physicians need to be aware of subtle radiological signs of liquid cocaine packets in the plain abdominal radiography.


1902 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 15-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Peddie ◽  
A. B. Shand

AbstractBy means of a large quantity of solid carbonic acid, obtained from the University Chemical Laboratory, it was found possible to solidify, and maintain in the solid form for a considerable time, a large mass of mercury. Preliminary experiments made about a year ago, in the usual manner, by means of a triple circuit (iron, german silver, mercury), did not give results of a satisfactory kind. This was apparently due to the difficulty of maintaining steady, or steadily varying, temperatures.


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