scholarly journals The vertical distribution of N and K uptake in relation to root distribution and root uptake capacity in mature Quercus robur, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies stands

2008 ◽  
Vol 306 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Göransson ◽  
Morten Ingerslev ◽  
Håkan Wallander
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Root Uptake ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Point process modelling of root distribution in pure stands of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Fleischer ◽  
S Eckel ◽  
I Schmid ◽  
V Schmidt ◽  
M Kazda
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Point Process ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Point Process Models ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

A previous study by Schmid and Kazda (I. Schmid and M. Kazda. 2001. Can. J. For. Res. 31: 539–548) evaluated the vertical distribution and radial growth of coarse roots greater than 2 mm diameter in pure and mixed stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). The vertical distribution of roots of Norway spruce was fitted by an exponential function, while the root distribution of European beech was approximated by a gamma distribution. Now, in the present paper, planar point process models have been applied to investigate the spatial (two-dimensional) distribution of data for roots between 2 and 5 mm diameter. After a homogenization with respect to the vertical axis, the pair correlation function and the L function were estimated to fit Matérn-cluster point process models to the given root data. The models were finally vertically retransformed to provide information on the inhomogeneous spatial patterns of small roots as well as on the original shape and size of the root clusters. All models based on vertically transformed data confirmed that the root distribution patterns are not completely random, as they indicated root clustering for both species, with different degrees of exploitation intensity (clustering) between the two species. According to the Matérn-cluster models, Norway spruce had stronger clustering in smaller cluster regions, while roots of European beech formed weaker clusters in larger cluster regions. Furthermore, beech root clusters seemed to avoid overlapping. Together with previous studies on the root system of both species, the present study indicates more intensive belowground intraspecific competition for spruce than for beech. On the other hand, the clustering characteristics described indicate that European beech has a more sophisticated rooting system than Norway spruce. The spatial distribution of the inhomogeneous raw data is characterized by the clustering properties analysed in the present paper and by the vertical distribution previously studied.

scholarly journals Spektralni potpisi (endmemberi) nekih šumskih vrsta u Republici Hrvatskoj

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Mario Ančić ◽  
Jelena Kolić ◽  
Dubravko Gajski ◽  
Ante Seletković ◽  
Andrija Krtalić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album

Svi objekti reflektiraju, apsorbiraju ili emitiraju elektromagnetsko zračenje ovisno o sastavu, stvarajući jedinstvene uzorke koje zovemo spektralni potpisi ili endmemberi. Čisti spektralni uzorci definiraju se u idealnim terenskim ili laboratorijskim uvjetima, gdje je spektar refleksije dobiven uporabom spektroradiometra fokusiranog na jednu površinu. Prema istraživanjima, većina spektralno čistih uzoraka odnosi se na istraživanja minerala. Spektralni potpisi vegetacije, za razliku od spektralnih potpisa minerala, su dinamični (u spektralnoj, prostornoj i vremenskoj rezoluciji), znatno zahtjevniji za prikupljanje i dokumentiranje, te ih treba s oprezom ugraditi u spektralne knjižnice. Postoji nekoliko spektralnih knjžnica (većih i manjih) koje su organizirane po poglavljima, a sastoje se od uzoraka koji imaju dovoljan broj analiza i dokumentaciju za utvrđivanje kvalitete spektra. U ovome istraživanju izdvojeni su spektralni potpisi za nekoliko vrsta u Hrvatskoj: hrast lužnjak (Quercus robur L.), običnu bukvu (Fagus sylvatica L.), običnu jelu (Abies alba Mill.), običnu smreku (Picea abies L.), bijelu imelu (Viscum album L. ssp. Abietis (Weisb.)) i žutu imelu (Loranthus europaeus Jacq.). Svrha istraživanja je bila uspostaviti spektralnu knjižnicu za buduća istraživanja primjene hiperspektralnih skenera pri detekciji vrsta drveća. Za prikupljanje spektralnih potpisa korišten je hiperspektralni linijski skener ImSpector V9, koji snima vidljivi i bliži infracrveni dio spektra od 430 do 900 nm. Osim njega korišten je i senzor sunčevog zračenja FODIS, kako bi dobili prosječnu vrijednost sunčeve insolacije u trenutku snimanja. Snimanje je provedeno u kontroliranim uvjetima. Uzorci su postavljeni na kružnu podlogu sa naznačenom podjelom za svakih 45 stupnjeva točno u centru optičke osi skenera, te su rotirani kružno. Spektralne snimke su zatim obrađivane u softveru ImageJ gdje su izdvojeni podaci za daljnju analizu. Nakon obračuna srednjih vrijednosti po vrstama napravljene su usporedbe između vrsta. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su preklapanja u vidljivom dijelu spektra, dok u bližem infracrvenom dijelu spektra vrste diferenciraju jedna od druge, odnosno rezultati pokazuju kako postoji razlika između spektralnih krivulja uzoraka. Provedenim istraživanjem definirani su postupci uzimanja uzoraka i dobiveni spektralni potpisi za istraživane vrste (endmemberi). Spektralni potpisi postali su dio spektralne knjižnice, a najznačajniji rezultat istraživanja je mogućnost primjene za detekciju vrsta na hiperspektralnim snimkama.

Erratum: Point process modelling of root distribution in pure stands of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Fleischer ◽  
S Eckel ◽  
I Schmid ◽  
V Schmidt ◽  
M Kazda
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Point Process ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Process Modelling

Photosynthetic characteristics of Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur established for stand conversion from Picea abies

2009 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emile S. Gardiner ◽  
Magnus Löf ◽  
Joseph J. O’Brien ◽  
John A. Stanturf ◽  
Palle Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Stand Conversion

Vertical distribution and radial growth of coarse roots in pure and mixed stands of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Schmid ◽  
Marian Kazda
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Root System ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mixed Stand ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Mixed Stands

The vertical distribution of roots greater than 2 mm diameter was determined from digital images covering 116-m2 profile walls in soil pits in pure stands of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and in a mixed stand of both species. Radial root growth was assessed for roots greater than 5 mm diameter by growth ring analysis. Beech roots showed maximum density at the 10- to 20-cm depth, whereas the density of spruce roots decreased exponentially with increasing soil depth. Roots of both species reached the maximum excavation depth (1 m) in their monospecific stands. However, the root system of spruce was shallower in the mixture with beech, where large roots (diameter (d) >20 mm) were limited to the upper 10 cm. Beech roots reached the same rooting depth as in the pure stand but showed higher root densities in deeper soil layers. Neither root diameter nor root growth of any species was correlated with soil depth. Radial root growth of beech exceeded that of spruce significantly in both pure and mixed stands. Radial growth rate of beech roots further increased when mixed with spruce. The enhancement of beech root growth in the mixed stand suggests a higher belowground competitive ability of beech compared with spruce; as a result the spruce root system developed even shallower in the mixed versus in the pure stand.

Vertical Distribution of Xiphinemabakeri Nematodes in Soil in a Douglas-fir Nursery

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Jack R. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Soil samples were collected throughout the year to determine the vertical distribution of Xiphinemabakeri nematodes in soil in a Douglas-fir [Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco] nursery and to monitor seasonal changes in nematode distribution pattern. Root distribution, moisture content, available pore space, and osmotic pressure were also determined for soil samples taken at various depths to see if they were related to nematode distribution. More than 90% of the nematodes were present in the upper 20 cm of soil, especially from 0 to 10 cm, and this percentage did not change with season. Nematode distribution was related only to root distribution. The significance of the results for nematode control practices is discussed.

scholarly journals The Growth of Trees of the Carpathian Forests (in the Basin of the Dniester River)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Platon Tretyak ◽  
◽  
Yurij Chernevyy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Pinus Cembra ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Autochthonous Species

The original results of researches on the growth of older trees of different species that grew up in the forests of the region are presented. The presented analytical materials testify, in particular, about the inconsistency of the growth rate with the height of the investigated the established before tendencies. The maximum productivity of trees of most autochthonous species is observed at the age of 80 years. For the trees of Quercus robur, Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, Picea abies, Pinus cembra and other species the largest values of the current increase of in the trunks volume observed at the age of trees 200–300 and even 350 years. The presented analytical and theoretical generalizations actualize the problem of modernization of outdated normative materials concerning the productivity of Carpathian forests in Ukraine and their potential ecological functions.

Needle and branch biomass turnover rates of Norway spruce (Picea abies)

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2517-2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Muukkonen ◽  
A Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Single Turnover ◽  
Biomass Turnover ◽  
Branch Biomass ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Turnover rates of needle and branch biomass, number of needle cohorts, and needle-shed dynamics were modelled for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in southern Finland. Biomass turnover rates, vertical distribution, and biomass of the branches were modelled simultaneously. The rate of needle turnover was determined from needle-shed dynamics. The potential litterfall of branches was modelled by combining the vertical distribution of branch biomass and the annual change in height of the crown base. The mean annual turnover rates for needle and branch biomass are 0.10 and 0.0125, respectively. At the age of 5.5 years, 50% of the needles in the needle cohort have been shed. In addition, at the age of 12 years, all needles of the needle cohort have been shed. Turnover of branch biomass was dependent on stand density and tree size. The modelled rates of biomass turnover agreed with measurements of needle and branch litterfall. Many process- or inventory-based models use a single turnover rate for branch litterfall based on literature, and some of the models are fully ignoring the litterfall of branches. Species-specific turnover rates or dynamic litterfall models should be applied when carbon flows in forest stands are modelled.

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