The non-flavonoid inducible nodA3 and the flavonoid regulated nodA1 genes of Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 guarantee nod factor production and nodulation of different host legumes

Rhizobial NodD proteins and appropriate flavonoids induce rhizobial nodulation gene expression. In this study, we show that the nodD1 gene of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103, but not the nodD2 gene, can restore the nodulation capacity of a double nodD1/nodD2 mutant of Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris). S. fredii HH103 only induces pseudonodules in beans. We have also studied whether the mutation of different symbiotic regulatory genes may affect the symbiotic interaction of HH103 with beans: ttsI (the positive regulator of the symbiotic type 3 protein secretion system), and nodD2, nolR and syrM (all of them controlling the level of Nod factor production). Inactivation of either nodD2, nolR or syrM, but not that of ttsI, affected positively the symbiotic behavior of HH103 with beans, leading to the formation of colonized nodules. Acetylene reduction assays showed certain levels of nitrogenase activity that were higher in the case of the nodD2 and nolR mutants. Similar results have been previously obtained by our group with the model legume Lotus japonicus. Hence, the results obtained in the present work confirm that repression of Nod factor production, provided by either NodD2, NolR or SyrM, prevents HH103 to effectively nodulate several putative host plants.

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Osmotic stress activates nif and fix genes and induces the Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 Nod factor production via NodD2 by up-regulation of the nodA2 operon and the nodA3 gene

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0213298 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. e0213298 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pablo del Cerro ◽

Manuel Megías ◽

Francisco Javier López-Baena ◽

Antonio Gil-Serrano ◽

Francisco Pérez-Montaño ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Stress ◽

Rhizobium Tropici ◽

Nod Factor ◽

Factor Production ◽

Fix Genes

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Nod Factor Production by Azorhizobium Caulinodans Strain ORS571

New Horizons in Nitrogen Fixation - Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture ◽

10.1007/978-94-017-2416-6_23 ◽

1993 ◽

pp. 191-196

Author(s):

M. Holsters ◽

D. Geelen ◽

K. Goethal ◽

M. Van Montagu ◽

R. Geremia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Azorhizobium Caulinodans ◽

Nod Factor ◽

Factor Production

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Regulation of Nod factor sulphation genes in Rhizobium tropici CIAT899

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w01-032 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 574-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hamid Manyani ◽

Carolina Sousa ◽

María-Eugenia Soria Díaz ◽

Antonio Gil-Serrano ◽

Manuel Megías

Keyword(s):

Wide Spectrum ◽

Constitutive Expression ◽

Upstream Region ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Nod Factors ◽

Rhizobium Tropici ◽

Free Living ◽

Nod Factor ◽

Symbiotic Plasmid ◽

Transcriptional Fusions

Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 is a tropical symbiont able to nodulate various legumes such as Leucaena, Phaseolus, and Macroptilium. Broad host range of this species is related to its Nod factors wide spectrum. R. tropici contains Nod factors sulphation nod genes, nodHPQ genes, which control nodulation efficiency in Leucaena. To study nodHPQ regulation, we carried out different interposon insertions in its upstream region. One of these generated interruptions, nodI mutant produced nonsulphated Nod factors suggesting a possible dependence of these genes on nodI upstream region. Moreover, analysis results of lacZ transcriptional fusions with these genes in symbiotic plasmid showed dependence of these genes on NodD protein. In order to determine nodHPQ organization, we studied the effect of interposon insertion upstream of each lacZ transcriptional fusion, and the data obtained was used to indicate that nodHPQ belong to the nodABCSUIJ operon. However, comparison between nodP::lacZ β-galactosidase activity in the symbiotic plasmid and in the pHM500 plasmid (containing nodHPQ genes) suggested constitutive expression in free living, and flavonoid inducible expression in symbiotic conditions. Constitutive nodHPQ expression may play a role in bacterial house-keeping metabolism. On the other hand, the transference of R. tropici nodHPQ genes to other rhizobia that do not present sulphated substitutions demonstrated that NodH protein sulphotransference is specific to C6 at the reducing end.Key words: Nod factors, nodHPQ genes, Rhizobium tropici, nod-box.

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Effect of Azospirillum brasilense coinoculated with Rhizobium on Phaseolus vulgaris flavonoids and Nod factor production under salt stress

Soil Biology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.016 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 40 (11) ◽

pp. 2713-2721 ◽

Cited By ~ 141

Author(s):

Marta S. Dardanelli ◽

Francisco J. Fernández de Córdoba ◽

M. Rosario Espuny ◽

Miguel A. Rodríguez Carvajal ◽

María E. Soria Díaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Nod Factor ◽

Factor Production

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Jasmonates induce Nod factor production by Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.10.025 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 44 (11-12) ◽

pp. 759-765 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

F. Mabood ◽

A. Souleimanov ◽

W. Khan ◽

D.L. Smith

Keyword(s):

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Nod Factor ◽

Factor Production

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Competitive Nodulation Blocking of cv. Afghanistan Pea Is Related to High Levels of Nodulation Factors Made by Some Strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.1.60 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 60-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Bridget Hogg ◽

Andrea E. Davies ◽

Karen E. Wilson ◽

Ton Bisseling ◽

J. Allan Downie

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Host Specificity ◽

Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽

Gene Region ◽

Nod Factors ◽

Nod Factor ◽

Present Evidence ◽

Factor Production ◽

Nodulation Factors ◽

Nod Gene Expression

Cultivar Afghanistan peas are resistant to nodulation by many strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae but are nodulated by strain TOM, which carries the host specificity gene nodX. Some strains that lack nodX can inhibit nodulation of cv. Afghanistan by strain TOM. We present evidence that this “competitive nodulation-blocking” (Cnb) phenotype may result from high levels of Nod factors inhibiting nodulation of cv. Afghanistan peas. The TOM nod gene region (including nodX) is cloned on pIJ1095, and strains (including TOM itself) carrying pIJ1095 nodulate cv. Afghanistan peas very poorly but can nodulate other varieties normally. The presence of pIJ1095, which causes increased levels of Nod factor production, correlates with Cnb. Nodulation of cv. Afghanistan by TOM is also inhibited by a cloned nodD gene that increases nod gene expression and Nod factor production. Nodulation of cv. Afghanistan can be stimulated if nodD on pIJ1095 is mutated, thus severely reducing the level of Nod factor produced. Repression of nod gene expression by nolR eliminates the Cnb phenotype and can stimulate nodulation of cv. Afghanistan. Addition of Nod factors to cv. Afghanistan roots strongly inhibits nodulation. The Cnb+ strains and added Nod factors inhibit infection thread initiation by strain TOM. The sym2A allele determines resistance of cv. Afghanistan to nodulation by strains of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae lacking nodX. We tested whether sym2A is involved in Cnb by using a pea line carrying the sym2A region introgressed from cv. Afghanistan; nodulation in the introgressed line was inhibited by Cnb+ strains. Therefore, the sym2A region has an effect on Cnb, although another locus (or loci) may contribute to the stronger Cnb seen in cv. Afghanistan.

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Genes Essential for Nod Factor Production and Nodulation Are Located on a Symbiotic Amplicon (AMPRtrCFN299pc60) in Rhizobium tropici

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.180.11.2866-2874.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 180 (11) ◽

pp. 2866-2874 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Patrick Mavingui ◽

Toon Laeremans ◽

Margarita Flores ◽

David Romero ◽

Esperanza Martínez-Romero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insertion Sequence ◽

Gene Dosage ◽

Kanamycin Resistance ◽

Nod Factors ◽

Rhizobium Tropici ◽

Resistance Marker ◽

Nod Factor ◽

Origins Of Replication ◽

Symbiotic Plasmid

ABSTRACT Amplifiable DNA regions (amplicons) have been identified in the genome of Rhizobium etli. Here we report the isolation and molecular characterization of a symbiotic amplicon of Rhizobium tropici. To search for symbiotic amplicons, a cartridge containing a kanamycin resistance marker that responds to gene dosage and conditional origins of replication and transfer was inserted in the nodulation region of the symbiotic plasmid (pSym) of R. tropici CFN299. Derivatives harboring amplifications were selected by increasing the concentration of kanamycin in the cell culture. The amplified DNA region was mobilized into Escherichia coli and then into Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The 60-kb symbiotic amplicon, which we termed AMPRtrCFN299pc60, contains several nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes and is flanked by a novel insertion sequence ISRtr1. Amplification of AMPRtrCFN299pc60 through homologous recombination between ISRtr1 repeats increased the amount of Nod factors. Strikingly, the conjugal transfer of the amplicon into a plasmidlessA. tumefaciens strain confers on the transconjugant the ability to produce R. tropici Nod factors and to nodulatePhaseolus vulgaris, indicating that R. tropicigenes essential for the nodulation process are confined to an ampliable DNA region of the pSym.

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