scholarly journals Efficient antioxidant defence systems of spring barley in response to stress induced jointly by the cyst nematode parasitism and cadmium exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 456 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 189-206
Author(s):  
Mateusz Labudda ◽  
Ewa Muszyńska ◽  
Marta Gietler ◽  
Elżbieta Różańska ◽  
Anna Rybarczyk-Płońska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Superoxide Anions ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism ◽  
Cadmium Treatment ◽  
Protein Functions ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Nematode Parasitism ◽  
Stress Damage

Abstract Aims This research aimed to establish how Hordeum vulgare responds to abiotic and biotic stress affecting in tandem. Methods Plants were inoculated with Heterodera filipjevi and treated with cadmium (Cd) concentration (5 μM) that can occur in the cultivated soil. To verify the hypothesis about participation of increased antioxidative defence in H. vulgare under stress, biochemical and microscopic methods were implemented. Results The amount of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide was diminished in plants that were both nematode-inoculated and cadmium-treated. Superoxide anions were rendered harmless by increased activity of superoxide dismutase, and H2O2 was scavenged via Foyer-Halliwell-Asada pathway. The unique enhanced antioxidant capacity of double stressed plants was also linked with the accumulation of S-nitrosoglutathione as nitrosoglutathione reductase activity was inhibited. Furthermore, stimulated activity of arginase in these plants could promote polyamine synthesis and indirectly enhance non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanism. Results indicate that different antioxidants operating together significantly restricted oxidation of lipids and proteins, thus the integrity of cell membranes and protein functions were maintained. Conclusions The ROS deactivation machinery in barley leaves showed an unusual response during stress induced by H. filipjevi infection and cadmium treatment. Plants could induce a multi-component model of stress response, to detoxify Cd ions and efficiently repair stress damage.

scholarly journals Reduction of drought stress effect in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by nitrogen fertilization

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Krček ◽  
P. Slamka ◽  
K. Olšovská ◽  
M. Brestič ◽  
M. Benčíková
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Optimum Water

An effect of nitrogen rates (0.0 g, 1.0 g, 2.0 g N per pot) on NRA (nitrate reductase activity) in leaves of spring barley (cultivar Kompakt) was investigated in a pot experiment. Plants were grown under optimum moisture regime and drought stress was induced during the growth stages of tillering, shooting and earing. Before and after respective stress period plants were grown under optimal water regime. In all the fertilized and unfertilized treatments, NRA was significantly higher under optimal water regime than in drought stress conditions. Nitrogen fertilization alleviated adverse effects of drought stress on the yields of grain; the rate of 1 g N per pot increased the grain yield of plants stressed during tillering 3.73 times compared to unfertilized and stressed treatment. When the stress was induced during shooting or earing grain yields declined by over 50% compared to optimal water regime; when compared with stressed and unfertilized treatment, the rate of 1 g N however increased yield by 29% (stress at shooting) and 55% (stress at earing). NRA values were significantly higher when plants were grown under optimum water regime than under stress conditions as well as when fertilized with nitrogen compared to unfertilized control both under optimum water regime and drought stress.

scholarly journals Internal Reflectance Modelling ofHordeum vulgareLeaves During Drying

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Miroslav Kvíčala ◽  
Eva Lacková ◽  
Michaela Štamborská
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Internal Reflectance

Spectral reflectance, or indexes that characterize spectral reflectance at concrete wavelength, is commonly used as an indicator of plant stress, or its photosynthetic apparatus status. In this paper, new leaf optical model is presented. Within this paper, experimental determination of surface and internal reflectance of Spring barley leaves and mathematical-physical modelling of internal reflectance were performed. It was proven that a new proposed theoretical model and the experimental spectra of internal reflectance are strongly correlated. It can be concluded that the total reflectance is not a function of epidermis condition, but it testifies about overall functional condition of Spring barley leaves.

scholarly journals Ramularia collo-cygni: a new pathogen spreading in barley fields in Estonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Mäe ◽  
Pille Sooväli ◽  
Lee Põllumaa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Ramularia Leaf Spot ◽  
Barley Leaves

Ramularia leaf spot (RLS) caused by the fungus Ramularia collo-cygni (Rcc) is affecting barley fields throughout temperate regions worldwide. The first finding of RLS in Estonia was reported on spring barley in 2012 and since then the area of RLS infection has been widening in Estonia. This work has been carried out to monitor the natural infection of Rcc in two winter barley cultivars and to follow artificial fungal infection by a PCR-based assay. Using our approach, we could detect presence of the fungal pathogen in barley leaves before the appearance of disease symptoms at early growth stages. Response of two tested cultivars to Rcc infection in the field conditions was different, showing genotype-environment interaction in the development and spreading of Rcc. In harvested grain samples at the end of growing season no Rcc infection was detected. The role of external inoculum, Rcc conidia transmitted from various grasses (Poaceae) growing next to crop fields, is discussed. These results provide further insight into the epidemiology of Rcc.

scholarly journals Influence of sodium chloride on the dehydroascorbate reductase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana catalase 2 knokout mutant

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
I. M. Buzduga ◽  
R. A. Volkov ◽  
I. I. Panchuk
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Dehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

Aim. To better understand the mechanisms of abiotic stress resistance in plants, it is important to clarify the role of individual antioxidant enzymes from the same multiproteinic family in the response to stress. It is known that the loss of some isoforms of antioxidant enzymes can be compensated by activation of other enzymes. However, the functional interaction of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes with catalase under salt stress still remains unexplored. Respectively, we determined the activity of DHAR in knock-out mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana under salt stress. Methods. The DHAR activity was determined in the knock-out line cat2 and in wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis plants after various regimes of treatment with sodium chloride. Results. After treatment with 200 mM sodium chloride in the dark, activation of DHAR was found after 8 hours in WT plants and after 4 hours in the knock-out line cat2. However stress treatment under illumination resulted in significant increase in DHAR activity after 8 hours in both studied lines. In this case, DHAR activity in cat2 was lower than in WT, whereas in non-treated plants or upon stress treatment in the dark no difference between the tested lines was detected. Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that under salt stress conditions, changes in the DHAR activity are included into functional rearrangements of the antioxidant system in cat2 line, which compensate the loss of activity of CAT2 isoenzyme.Keywords: dehydroascorbate reductase, antioxidants, reactive oxygen species (ROS), salt stress, Arabidopsis thaliana

Microbiota of spring barley leaves and grains under the influence of herbicide and biological preparation

2012 ◽  
Vol 0 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
В. П. Карпенко ◽  
В. Я. Білоножко ◽  
Р. М. Притуляк ◽  
С. П. Полторецький ◽  
І. І. Мостов'як
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Barley Leaves

Role of light and CO2 fixation in the control of nitrate-reductase activity in barley leaves

Planta ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso de Cires ◽  
Angel de la Torre ◽  
Begoña Delgado ◽  
Catalina Lara
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Role Of Light

scholarly journals Peptide Inhibitor of Complement C1 Inhibits the Peroxidase Activity of Hemoglobin and Myoglobin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela S. Hair ◽  
Kenji M. Cunnion ◽  
Neel K. Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Peptide Inhibitor ◽  
Iron Release ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism ◽  
Hemoglobin Molecule ◽  
Comparable Activity ◽  
Absorbance Peak ◽  
Stress Damage

Hemoglobin is the natural carrier of oxygen in red blood cells (RBCs). While intracellular hemoglobin provides life-sustaining oxygen transport, extracellular free hemoglobin displays toxicity due to inherent peroxidase activity generating reactive oxygen species that subsequently react with the hemoglobin molecule to produce toxic heme degradation products resulting in free radicals, oxidative stress damage, and lipid peroxidation. We have recently demonstrated that Peptide Inhibitor of Complement C1 (PIC1) inhibits peroxidase activity of the heme-based enzyme myeloperoxidase. To elucidate whether PIC1 could inhibit peroxidase activity of hemoglobin, we evaluated the consequence of PIC1 on RBC lysates, methemoglobin, and myoglobin using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as an oxidation target. PIC1 reversibly and dose-dependently prevented TMB oxidation to tetramethylbenzidine diimine by RBC lysates, methemoglobin, and myoglobin, having comparable activity to the inhibitor 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide. PIC1 inhibited TMB oxidation of RBC lysates similar to L-cysteine suggesting that the two cysteine residues contained in PIC1 may mediate peroxidase activity. PIC1 also inhibited heme destruction by NaOCl for RBC lysates, hemoglobin, and myoglobin as assayed by preservation of the Soret absorbance peak in the presence of NaOCl and reduction in free iron release. In conclusion, PIC1 inhibits peroxidase activity of hemoglobin and myoglobin likely via an antioxidant mechanism.

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