Breeding Elite Lines of Apple Carrying Pyramided Homozygous Resistance Genes Against Apple Scab and Resistance Against Powdery Mildew and Fire Blight

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1573-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle O. Baumgartner ◽  
Andrea Patocchi ◽  
Jürg E. Frey ◽  
Andreas Peil ◽  
Markus Kellerhals
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Apple Scab

scholarly journals Six promising selections from the Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Vf Gene ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Malus Floribunda

An apple breeding program has been carried out at the Department of Fruit Science for more than a decade. Several apple selections have been released from the progenies of crosses in 1992 and 1993. Six candidates were submitted for national recognition out of the hybrids examined for more than a decade. The six selections are resistant against all the three most important apple diseases (apple scab, powdery mildew and fire blight). Scab resistance is controlled by the Vf gene originating from the species Malus floribunda 821 and transmitted by cultivar Prima. Heterozygote Vfvf genotype of the six cultivar candidates was proved by molecular genetic examinations of Dept. Genetics and Plant Breeding. Characteristics of these selections from 'Prima' progenies are shown on the base of our own observations.

scholarly journals Identification of apple scab and powdery mildew resistance genes in Czech apple (Malus × domestica) genetic resources by PCR molecular markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Patzak ◽  
F. Paprštein ◽  
A. Henychová
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Apple Cultivars

The presence of genes for resistance to scab (Venturia inaequalis) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) was studied using molecular markers in a sample of 279 apple cultivars from the Czech collection of apple genetic resources. The sample comprised 37 cultivars supposed to have the Vf gene for scab resistance, 97 reference world cultivars and 145 old and local cultivars. Six PCR molecular markers for the scab resistance genes Vf, Vm, Vbj, Vr and Vh and three PCR molecular markers for the powdery mildew resistance genes Pl-w, Pl-1 and Pl-d were used. The marker for the major scab resistance gene Vf was detected in all cultivars supposed to have Vf, except in Romus 1, and in the three small-fruited cultivars Malus Evereste, Golden Gem and Hilleri. The markers of the Vr and Vh scab resistance genes were detected in 22 cultivars in combination with the marker for Vf, in 56 reference world cultivars and in 82 old and local apple cultivars. PCR molecular markers for one or two of the powdery mildew resistance genes were detected in the small-fruited cultivars Malus Evereste, Golden Gem, prof. Sprengeri and Hilleri; and in the larger fruited cultivars Hagloe Crab, Borovinka and Tita Zetei. We did not find markers for the scab resistance genes Vm and Vbj in any of the studied cultivars. They are absent also in the remaining part of the Czech collection of apple genetic resources. PCR molecular markers are useful tools for the identification of resistance genes within apple germplasm collections and can be used to increase the number of sources for disease resistance in breeding programmes.

Identification and SSR Mapping of Two Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in Wild Emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) Accessions IW3 and IW10

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen-Qiao LI ◽  
Ti-Lin FANG ◽  
Hong-Tao ZHANG ◽  
Chao-Jie XIE ◽  
Zuo-Min YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Triticum Dicoccoides ◽  
Wild Emmer ◽  
Mildew Resistance

Characterization and chromosomal location of powdery mildew resistance genes from wild barley PI282605

2009 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 257-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Řepková ◽  
K. Teturová ◽  
A. Dreiseitl ◽  
M. Soldánová
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Mildew Resistance

Molecular mapping of powdery mildew resistance genes in wheat: A review

Euphytica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Qiang Huang ◽  
Marion S. Röder
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Mildew Resistance

scholarly journals Identification of Race-Specific Resistance in North American Vitis spp. Limiting Erysiphe necator Hyphal Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Ramming ◽  
Franka Gabler ◽  
Joseph L. Smilanick ◽  
Dennis A. Margosan ◽  
Molly Cadle-Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Resistance Sources

Race-specific resistance against powdery mildews is well documented in small grains but, in other crops such as grapevine, controlled analysis of host–pathogen interactions on resistant plants is uncommon. In the current study, we attempted to confirm powdery mildew resistance phenotypes through vineyard, greenhouse, and in vitro inoculations for test cross-mapping populations for two resistance sources: (i) a complex hybrid breeding line, ‘Bloodworth 81-107-11', of at least Vitis rotundifolia, V. vinifera, V. berlandieri, V. rupestris, V. labrusca, and V. aestivalis background; and (ii) Vitis hybrid ‘Tamiami’ of V. aestivalis and V. vinifera origin. Statistical analysis of vineyard resistance data suggested the segregation of two and three race-specific resistance genes from the two sources, respectively. However, in each population, some resistant progeny were susceptible in greenhouse or in vitro screens, which suggested the presence of Erysiphe necator isolates virulent on progeny segregating for one or more resistance genes. Controlled inoculation of resistant and susceptible progeny with a diverse set of E. necator isolates clearly demonstrated the presence of fungal races differentially interacting with race-specific resistance genes, providing proof of race specificity in the grape powdery mildew pathosystem. Consistent with known race-specific resistance mechanisms, both resistance sources were characterized by programmed cell death of host epidermal cells under appressoria, which arrested or slowed hyphal growth; this response was also accompanied by collapse of conidia, germ tubes, appressoria, and secondary hyphae. The observation of prevalent isolates virulent on progeny with multiple race-specific resistance genes before resistance gene deployment has implications for grape breeding strategies. We suggest that grape breeders should characterize the mechanisms of resistance and pyramid multiple resistance genes with different mechanisms for improved durability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance to powdery mildew and identification of resistance genes in wheat cultivars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Xin Wu ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
Qiang Bian ◽  
Qian Sun ◽  
Xin Yu Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew

Abstract Background: Wheat powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt ), is a serious disease of wheat worldwide that can cause significant yield losses. Growing resistant cultivars is the most cost-effective and eco-soundly strategy to manage the disease. Therefore, a high breeding priority is to identify genes that can be readily used either singly or in combination for effective resistance to powdery mildew and alos in combination with genes for resistance to other diseases. Yunnan Province, with complex and diverse ecological environments and climates, is one of the main wheat growing regions in China. This region provides initial inoculum for starting epidemics of wheat powdery mildew in the region and other regions and thus, plays a key role in the regional and large-scale epidemics of the disease throughout China. The objectives of this study were to evaluate seedling resistance of 69 main wheat cultivars to powdery mildew and to determine the presence of resistance genes Pm3 , Pm8 , Pm13 , Pm16 , and Pm21 in these cultivars using gene specific DNA markers. Results: Evaluation of 69 wheat cultivars with six Bgt isolates showed that only four cultivars were resistant to all tested isolates, indicating that the overall level of powdery mildew resistance of Yunnan wheat cultivars is inadequate. The molecular marker results showed that 27 cultivars likely have at least one of these genes. Six cultivars were found likely to have Pm3 , 18 likely to have Pm8 , 5 likely to have Pm16 , and 3 likely to have Pm21 . No cultivar was found to carry Pm13 . Conclusion: The information on the presence of the Pm resistance genes in Yunnan wheat cultivars can be used in future wheat disease breeding programs. In particular, cultivars carrying Pm21 , which is effective against all Bgt races in China, should be pyramided with other effective genes to developing new cultivars with durable resistance to powdery mildew. Keywords: Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici , Pm gene, molecular markers, wheat

scholarly journals The barley immune receptor Mla recognizes multiple pathogens and contributes to host range dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bettgenhaeuser ◽  
Inmaculada Hernández-Pinzón ◽  
Andrew M. Dawson ◽  
Matthew Gardiner ◽  
Phon Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Species Specificity ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew ◽  
Barley Stripe Rust

AbstractCrop losses caused by plant pathogens are a primary threat to stable food production. Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) is a fungal pathogen of cereal crops that causes significant, persistent yield loss. Stripe rust exhibits host species specificity, with lineages that have adapted to infect wheat and barley. While wheat stripe rust and barley stripe rust are commonly restricted to their corresponding hosts, the genes underlying this host specificity remain unknown. Here, we show that three resistance genes, Rps6, Rps7, and Rps8, contribute to immunity in barley to wheat stripe rust. Rps7 cosegregates with barley powdery mildew resistance at the Mla locus. Using transgenic complementation of different Mla alleles, we confirm allele-specific recognition of wheat stripe rust by Mla. Our results show that major resistance genes contribute to the host species specificity of wheat stripe rust on barley and that a shared genetic architecture underlies resistance to the adapted pathogen barley powdery mildew and non-adapted pathogen wheat stripe rust.

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