scholarly journals Six promising selections from the Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Vf Gene ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Malus Floribunda

An apple breeding program has been carried out at the Department of Fruit Science for more than a decade. Several apple selections have been released from the progenies of crosses in 1992 and 1993. Six candidates were submitted for national recognition out of the hybrids examined for more than a decade. The six selections are resistant against all the three most important apple diseases (apple scab, powdery mildew and fire blight). Scab resistance is controlled by the Vf gene originating from the species Malus floribunda 821 and transmitted by cultivar Prima. Heterozygote Vfvf genotype of the six cultivar candidates was proved by molecular genetic examinations of Dept. Genetics and Plant Breeding. Characteristics of these selections from 'Prima' progenies are shown on the base of our own observations.

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of Malus floribunda 821 and contig construction for positional cloning of the apple scab resistance gene Vf

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1104-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingliang Xu ◽  
Junqi Song ◽  
Zhukuan Cheng ◽  
Jiming Jiang ◽  
Schuyler S Korban
Keyword(s):  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Bac Library ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Vf Gene ◽  
Bac Clones ◽  
Malus Floribunda ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions

The apple scab resistance gene Vf, originating from the wild species Malus floribunda 821, has been incorporated into a wide variety of apple cultivars through a classical breeding program. With the aim of isolating the Vf gene, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library consisting of 31 584 clones has been constructed from M. floribunda 821. From the analysis of 88 randomly selected BAC clones, the average insert size is estimated at 125 kb. If it is assumed that the genome size of M. floribunda 821 is 769 Mb/haploid, the library represents about 5× haploid genome equivalents. This provides a 99% probability of finding any specific sequence from this library. PCR-based screening of the library has been carried out using eight random genomic sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCARs), chloroplast- and mitochondria-specific SCARs, and 13 high-density Vf-linked SCAR markers. An average of five positive BAC clones per random SCAR has been obtained, whereas less than 1% of BAC clones are derived from the chloroplast or mitochondrial genomes. Most BAC clones identified with Vf-linked SCAR markers are physically linked. Three BAC contigs along the Vf region have been obtained by assembling physically linked BAC clones based on their fingerprints. The overlapping relatedness of BAC clones has been further confirmed by cytogenetic mapping using fiber fluorescence in situ hybridization (fiber-FISH). The M. floribunda 821 BAC library provides a valuable genetic resource not only for map-based cloning of the Vf gene, but also for finding many other important genes for improving the cultivated apple.Key words: apple, resistance Vf gene, BAC library, sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCARs), fiber fluorescence in situ hybridization (fiber-FISH), positional cloning.

scholarly journals First selections of the Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tóth M. ◽  
Kovács Sz. ◽  
Kása K. ◽  
Rozsnyay Zs. ◽  
Hevesi M.
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Selection For ◽  
In The Beginning

The aim of the first Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance started in the beginning of the nineties is to widen Hungarian apple assortment by good quality, resistant apple cultivars with excellent productivity and ecological capability to the most important fruit growing areas in Hungary. In the first years of seedling production we made early selection for susceptibility to apple scab in greenhouse. Alter this, field observation of susceptibility to powdery mildew, scab and canker and a yearly negative selection was carried on. From 1997, fruit quality was evaluated as well, and from 2001 the resistance of shoots to Erwinia ainylovora (Burrill/Winslow et al.) was examined using inoculations in greenhouse conditions. From the progenies of crosses in 1992 and 1993, six candidates were announced to national recognition out of hybrids examined for more than a decade. Descriptions of these selections from 'Prima' progenies and the most important data of their resistance, growing habit, morphological characteristics and fruit quality are shown in this article.

scholarly journals First selections of the Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Tóth ◽  
Szabó Kovács ◽  
K. Kása ◽  
Zs. Rozsnyay ◽  
M. Hevesi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Selection For ◽  
In The Beginning

The aim of the first Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance started in the beginning of the nineties is to widen Hungarian apple assortment by good quality, resistant apple cultivars with excellent productivity and ecological capability to the most important fruit growing areas in Hungary. In the first years of seedling production we made early selection for susceptibility to apple scab in greenhouse. Alter this, field observation of susceptibility to powdery mildew, scab and canker and a yearly negative selection was carried on. From 1997, fruit quality was evaluated as well, and from 2001 the resistance of shoots to Erwinia ainylovora (Burrill/Winslow et al.) was examined using inoculations in greenhouse conditions. From the progenies of crosses in 1992 and 1993, six candidates were announced to national recognition out of hybrids examined for more than a decade. Descriptions of these selections from 'Prima' progenies and the most important data of their resistance, growing habit, morphological characteristics and fruit quality are shown in this article.

Breeding Elite Lines of Apple Carrying Pyramided Homozygous Resistance Genes Against Apple Scab and Resistance Against Powdery Mildew and Fire Blight

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1573-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle O. Baumgartner ◽  
Andrea Patocchi ◽  
Jürg E. Frey ◽  
Andreas Peil ◽  
Markus Kellerhals
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Apple Scab

scholarly journals The use of genetic diversity in apple breeding for scab resistance

2019 ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
E. V. Ulyanovskaya ◽  
I. I. Suprun ◽  
S. V. Tokmakov ◽  
K. M. Atabiyev ◽  
E. A. Belenko
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Selection Of

The results of a long-term study of the apple tree gene pool ( Malus x domestica Borkh.) in the conditions of southern Russia are presented. The purpose of the study is the formation of the identified collections, the selection of donors and sources of economically valuable traits with recommendations for their use in apple breeding. In the work we used the programs and methods of breeding and sorting, molecular genetic research methods. Valuable for breeding cultivars with immunity to scab ( Rvi6 gene) and high quality of fruits (genes Md-PG1 (AA); Md-Exp7 (198)) were identified: Modi, Stellar, CIVG 98, elite form 29-5-49.

Development of sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCARs) from amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers tightly linked to the Vf gene in apple

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingliang Xu ◽  
Ernesto Huaracha ◽  
Schuyler S Korban
Keyword(s):  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Vf Gene

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers have become widely used in saturating the region of a gene of interest for the ultimate goal of map-based cloning of the gene or for marker-assisted selection. However, conversion of AFLP markers into restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers will greatly expand their usefulness in genetic applications. Previously, we have identified 15 AFLP markers tightly linked to the Vf gene conferring scab resistance in apple. In this study, we have successfully converted 11 of these AFLPs into sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. Of the remaining four nonconverted AFLP markers, one, ET2MC8-1, has been found to be very short (83 base pairs) and is an A/T rich (90%) marker; a second, EA2MG11-1, has shown identical sequences between Malus floribunda 821 (the original source of the Vf gene) and scab-susceptible apple cultivars; while the other two, EA12MG16-1 and ET8MG1-1, have not been cloned. Using the 11 converted SCAR markers along with 5 previously identified SCAR markers, a high-resolution linkage map around the Vf gene has been constructed, and found to be consistent with its corresponding AFLP map. Three converted SCAR markers (ACS-3, -7, and -9) are inseparable from the Vf gene; whereas one (ACS-6) is located left of, and the remaining seven (ACS-1, -2, -4, -5, -8, -10, and -11) are located right of the Vf gene at genetic distances of 0.4 and 0.2 cM, respectively. A reliable and robust procedure for development of SCAR markers from AFLP markers is presented.Key words: apple, AFLP, SCAR, apple scab disease, Vf gene.

DNA MARKING WHEN CREATING APPLE VARIETIES WITH STABLE SCAB RESISTANCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
М.I. Dulov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Fruit Flavor ◽  
New Generation

The use of chemical means of protection against Apple scab is associated with high material costs and causes great harm to the environment. Growing of apple varieties with stable resistance to scab (the pathogen Venturia inaequalis) will significantly limit the use of pesticides. On the territory of the Russian Federation, the Rvi6 gene is considered immune, which determines resistance to five scab races, including the most aggressive fifth. The country has scabimmune apple varieties created by scientists from VNIISPK, NCFSCHWWG, FRC named after I. V. Michurin , VSTISP and other scientific institutions. In recent years, the Rvi6 gene has been overcome by scab in many European countries, and the Rvi5 gene, which is immune to four scab races, has been overcome in Russia and Germany. When creating high-yielding apple varieties of a new generation, with good fruit flavor quality, long-term and stable resistance to scab, in addition to the rvi6 resistance gene, the most promising sources are the Rvi5, Rvi11, Rvi12, Rvi14 and Rvi15 genes. The Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi6, Rvi7 and Rvi9 genes in the apple breeding process are best used in extended pyramids of genetic resistance to scab. This will allow you to combine several scab resistance genes that control the immune system in one apple genotype. The article describes the characteristics of DNA markers, the nucleotide sequence of primers, the size of target fragments of the PCR product, including the size of the dominant allele product for detecting Rvi genes of the Venturia inaequalis pathogen that are promising for apple breeding in varieties and hybrid material. Amplification programs were selected to identify resistance genes to various races of apple scab.

scholarly journals Scab resistance in Malus sp. progenies - inheritance and resistance stability

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Tóth ◽  
Sz. Kovács ◽  
Zs. D. Rozsnyay
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Malus Prunifolia ◽  
Malus Floribunda ◽  
Artificial Inoculations ◽  
Positive Effect

Susceptibility of progenies of some Ma/us species to apple scab was evaluated. Susceptibility of hybrid families was observed first in greenhouse after artificial inoculations by the suspension of the pathogen, Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint., then in open field. The Hungarian type of Malus floribunda, which proved to be scab resistant in our examinations, has a positive effect on the segregation of progenies to resistant and susceptible individuals as a male parent, not depending on the rate of susceptibility of the other parent. However, the German type of Malus floribunda and Malus prunifolia act as dominant, highly susceptible parents. Malus x purpurea and Malus baccata, which proved to be highly susceptible to apple scab in open field and in artificial inoculations, transmits its susceptibility only slightly to its progenies as a male parent. According to our experiments, the inheritance of scab resistance of Malus floribunda cannot be considered as monogenic, as published by other authors. Scab susceptibility of parents influences the segregation of progenies to resistant or susceptible individuals. The moderately scab susceptible `Idared' as female parent has a statistically proved positive effect on the segregation of its progenies. More factors indicate the appearance of a new race of Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.: change of the symptoms in the greenhouse; considerable increase of susceptible individuals after greenhouse inoculation in 1997; more and more progenies of the male parent Malus floribunda became susceptible to scab in open field.

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