scholarly journals Pioneers of German-Polish inclusive exchange: Jaczewski’s and Kluge’s Europeanization in education despite the Iron Curtain

Prospects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Toczyski ◽  
Joachim Broecher ◽  
Janet Painter
Keyword(s):  
International Education ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Humanistic Psychology ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
Carl Rogers ◽  
European Union Enlargement ◽  
Personal Trust ◽  
German Adaptation

AbstractHistorical and autobiographical approaches are combined with interviews to analyze the case of the Europa-Kontakt in pre-1989 Poland and West Germany within the framework of Europeanization. The international education encounters exemplify the tendencies to Europeanize, which emerged in both countries despite the Iron Curtain. The painful relationship between Poland and Germany is contrasted with the personal trust and cooperation between Polish and German exchange pioneers since the 1970s. Their pioneering work focused on multinational inclusion, participation, intercultural learning, gifted education, creativity, and building leadership skills. It merged German adaptation of the United States’ HighScope model with philosophy of encounters typical of scouting tradition, Janusz Korczak’s pedagogy, and Carl Rogers’ humanistic psychology, preparing ground for the 1989–2004 European Union enlargement process.

Emotional warfare? Track two diplomacy and the emotionalisation of the Cold War

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Matza
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Humanistic Psychology ◽  
Carl Rogers ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Expression Of Emotions ◽  
Citizen Diplomacy ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cold War

This article discusses a series of US citizen exchanges to the USSR that were termed track two, or citizen, diplomacy. The track two model was meant to address the freeze in high-level diplomatic engagements at a time of heightening tensions between rivals. Intriguingly, track two diplomacy was explicitly emotionalised – that is, linked to a psychologically informed approach to conflict resolution and contact. I focus on two sets of diplomatic delegations – those co-organised by the Esalen Institute and the Association for Humanistic Psychology, as well as grassroots citizen exchanges. Of particular interest is the famous visit by Carl Rogers to the USSR in 1986 where he held a set of workshops that were part of the AHP Soviet Exchange Project. I show the various central roles that discourses on emotions (psychological theories), emotional discourses (the expression of emotions) and emotion-evocation played in these US endeavours. What is particularly interesting to see is how, as the Cold War began to wane, the United States’ emotionalised exchanges became more unidirectional and interventionist in nature. I term this form of emotionalisation ‘emotional warfare’ and conclude that, as pedagogies, techniques and informal contacts, they should be read not only through the prism of friendly exchange, but also through those of geopolitical agonism, as well as the neoliberalisation of both empires in the post-Cold War period. In focusing on these exchanges in the 1980s, the article also makes a contribution to contemporary studies of emotion culture in the post-Soviet context by describing some of the prehistory of Russia’s ‘psychological turn’.

Krankheiten Der Neugeborenen (Disease of the Newborn)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 818-818
Author(s):  
KONRAD ULICH
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
First Year ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease ◽  
First Year Of Life

A short compendium for students and physicians interested in the treatment of disease of the newborn period coming from behind the "Iron Curtain." The book shows an extensive knowledge of the "Free-World" medical literature on such subjects as erythroblastosis fetalis, cytomegalic inclusion disease, toxoplasmosis and other diseases of recent interest. A chapter on infant mortality is extensive and shows a similar decline of the death rate over the last decades as in the United States. The over-all mortality during the first year of life per 1,000 live-born in 1954 shows 49.6 deaths/1,000 in East Germany and 42.2 deaths/ 1,000 in West Germany. Infant mortality in the United States amounted to 26.4 deaths/1,000 in 1955.

The Setting

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolette D. Manglos-Weber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evangelical Christianity ◽  
Interracial Relations ◽  
Personal Trust ◽  
Conceptual Background ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Religion

This chapter presents the historical and conceptual background to the book’s argument. It starts with a history of Ghana, followed by an analysis of the trends that have led to high levels of out-migration, and then to a description of Ghanaian populations in Chicago. Next, it addresses the concept of social trust in general and personal trust in particular, developing a theory of personal trust as an imaginative and symbolic activity, and analyzing interracial relations through the lens of racialized distrust. It concludes by describing the role of religion in the integration of immigrant groups into the United States and the particular religious frameworks that characterize Charismatic Evangelical Christianity in Ghana.

Cold War Exiles and the CIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Tromly
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Home Base ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Secret War

During the height of the Cold War in the 1950s, the United States government unleashed covert operations intended to weaken the Soviet Union. As part of these efforts, the CIA undertook support of Russian exiles, populations uprooted either during World War II or by the Russian Revolution decades before. No one seemed better prepared to fight in the American secret war against communism than the uprooted Russians, whom the CIA directed to carry out propaganda, espionage, and subversion operations from their home base in West Germany. Yet the American engagement of Russian exiles had unpredictable outcomes. Drawing on recently declassified and previously untapped sources, Cold War Exiles and the CIA examines how the CIA’s Russian operations became entangled with the internal struggles of Russia abroad and also the espionage wars of the superpowers in divided Germany. What resulted was a transnational political sphere involving different groups of Russian exiles, American and German anti-communists, and spies operating on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Inadvertently, CIA’s patronage of Russian exiles forged a complex sub-front in the wider Cold War, demonstrating the ways in which the hostilities of the Cold War played out in ancillary conflicts involving proxies and non-state actors.

scholarly journals American Engineering Doctoral Enrollments

2015 ◽  
pp. 23-24
Author(s):  
Richard Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
International Education ◽  
Doctoral Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
Long Term Trends

International education has deep historical roots and has spurred relationships that persist for decades. In the case of the United States and the field of engineering, American dependence since the mid-1960s on other countries' students – especially Indian ones – for enrollments and graduates of engineering doctoral programs has been, is and will likely continue to be significant. But long-term trends portend a time when the appeal of American higher education may be less than has been the case.

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