An improved apparatus for measuring the spectral directional emissivity in the wavelength range between 1 µm and 20 µm at temperatures up to 2400 K is presented in this paper. As a heating unit an inductor is used to warm up the specimen, as well as the blackbody reference to the specified temperatures. The heating unit is placed in a double-walled vacuum vessel. A defined temperature, as well as a homogenous temperature distribution of the whole surrounding is ensured by a heat transfer fluid flowing through the gap of the double-walled vessel. Additionally, the surrounding is coated with a high-emitting paint and serves as blackbody-like surrounding to ensure defined boundary conditions. For measuring the spectral directional emissivity at different emission angles, a movable mirror is installed in front of the specimen, which can be adjusted by a rotatable arrangement guiding the emitted radiation into the attached FTIR-spectrometer. The setup of the emissivity measurement apparatus (EMMA) and the measurement procedure are introduced, and the derived measurement results are presented. For evaluating the apparatus, measurements were performed on different materials. The determined emissivities agree well with values published in literature within the derived relative uncertainties below 4% for most wavelengths.
Pelletizing furnace refractory lining life cycle extension by applying thermography analysis and direct refractory injection