Physical activity and adipokine levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A literature review and practical applications

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. It is ranked as the seventh of top 10 causes of death worldwide, and the highest prevalence of cases is T2DM. The dominant lifestyle that triggers T2DM is diet and physical inactivity. This study was aimed to determine whether lifestyle was a risk factor of T2DM. This was a literature review study using two databases, namely Pubmed and Google Scholar. The keywords used were "lifestyle risk factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus". There were 10 literatures obtained based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that lifestyle such as unhealthy eating pattern and less physical activity significantly influence the risk factors of T2DM. In conclusion, lifestyles such as unhealthy foods and less physical activity are at high risk of suffering from T2DM.Keywords: risk factors, lifestyle, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Abstrak: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) merupakan penyakit metabolisme yang disebabkan karena resistensi insulin dan disfungsi sel beta pankreas. DM berada diperingkat ke tujuh sebagai 10 penyakit penyebab kematian di dunia, denganDMT2 sebagai prevalensi kasus tertinggi. Pola hidup yang dominan menjadi pencetus DMT2 ialah pola makan dan aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gaya hidup sebagai faktor risiko DMT2. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review. Pencarian data menggunakan dua database yaitu Pubmed dan Google Scholar. Dengan kata kunci yaitu “faktor risiko gaya hidup dan diabetes melitus tipe 2”. Setelah diseleksi, didapatkan 10 literatur berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa gaya hidup seperti pola makan yang tidak sehat dan pola aktivitas fisik kurang secara bermakna berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya faktor risiko DMT2. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah gaya hidup dengan mengonsumsi makanan tidak sehat dan aktivitas fisik yang kurang memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami DMT2.Kata kunci: faktor risiko, gaya hidup, diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2)

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus, physical activity, yoga and telomere length: A literature review

Journal of Insulin Resistance ◽

10.4102/jir.v4i1.52 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Reepa A. Ughreja ◽

Reena A. Ughreja

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Literature Review ◽

Telomere Length ◽

Large Sample Size ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Type 2 Dm

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease prevalent in adults, is also prevalent amongst children, adolescents and young adults. On understanding the molecular basis of diabetes, a significant association is found between telomere length (TL) and type 2 DM.Aim: The aim of the study was to review the available evidence on effect of physical activity and yoga on DM including their effect on TL.Setting: The study was conducted in Bangalore.Method: A number of databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and Cochrane Review were searched for relevant articles using keywords such as ’diabetes’, ‘type 2 DM’, ‘physical activity’, ‘yoga’, ‘TL’ and ‘telomerase activity’. All types of articles were included for the study, such as randomised controlled trial, systematic reviews, literature review and pilot study. Non-English articles were excluded from the study.Results: Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of yoga and physical exercise in type 2 DM in various ways, such as reducing fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin; improving lipid profile, blood pressure and waist-to-hip ratio; reducing inflammatory, oxidative and psychological stress markers; and improving the quality of life of patients. However, limited information is available on the effect of these interventions on TL in type 2 DM and mechanisms involved.Conclusion: Recent studies have shown positive effects of yoga and physical activity on TL. However, there is a dearth of good-quality studies evaluating the effects of yoga on TL in type 2 DM. Future studies need to be conducted with standard treatment protocols, long-term follow-up, appropriate control groups and large sample size.

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Correlates of Physical Activity Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Literature Review

American Journal of Health Education ◽

10.1080/19325037.2014.933139 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 278-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Valerie Heiss ◽

Rick Petosa

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review

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Abstract #217: Combined Predictability of Physical Activity and Bodyweight on Healthrelated Quality of Life Among Nigerian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)42523-6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Akolade Idowu ◽

Adeyinka Idowu ◽

Adesoji Tade

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Healthrelated Quality Of Life

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How to Maintain a Healthy Body Weight

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.76.4.208 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 208-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Astrup

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Weight Control ◽

Healthy Body Weight ◽

Healthy Body

The epidemic of both obesity and type 2 diabetes is due to environmental factors, but the individuals developing the conditions possess a strong genetic predisposition. Observational surveys and intervention studies have shown that excess body fatness is the major environmental cause of type 2 diabetes, and that even a minor weight loss can prevent its development in high-risk subjects. Maintenance of a healthy body weight in susceptible individuals requires 45–60 minutes physical activity daily, a fat-reduced diet with plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grain, and lean meat and dairy products, and moderate consumption of calorie containing beverages. The use of table values to predict the glycemic index of meals is of little – if any – value, and the role of a low-glycemic index diet for body weight control is controversial. The replacement of starchy carbohydrates with protein from lean meat and lean dairy products enhances satiety, and facilitate weight control. It is possible that dairy calcium also promotes weight loss, although the mechanism of action remains unclear. A weight loss of 5–10% can be induced in almost all obese patients providing treatment is offered by a professional team consisting of a physician and dieticians or nurses trained to focus on weight loss and maintenance. Whereas increasing daily physical activity and regular exercise does not significantly effect the rate of weight loss in the induction phase, it plays an important role in the weight maintenance phase due to an impact on daily energy expenditure and also to a direct enhancement of insulin sensitivity.

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