scholarly journals Skin in the Game: A Policy Implementation Study of How School-Level Bureaucrats Set and Rationalize Advanced Placement Exam Fees for Low-Income Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awilda Rodriguez ◽  
Davinia Rodriguez-Wilhelm ◽  
Katherine Lebioda ◽  
Reuben Kapp ◽  
Nicole Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Advanced Placement ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Level ◽  
Implementation Study ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
Placement Exam

scholarly journals The Potential of Advanced Placement to Improve College Outcomes and Narrow Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1932202X2110186
Author(s):  
Sarah Fierberg Phillips ◽  
Brett Lane
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Placement ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Latino Students ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
College Outcomes ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Better Than

The U.S. economy requires a highly educated workforce, yet too few black, Latino, and low-income students attend, persist, and graduate from college. The present study examines the college outcomes of participants in a model Advanced Placement® (AP) intervention to shed light on its effectiveness and determine whether improving AP participation and performance is a promising strategy for closing persistent racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in college outcomes. Findings suggest the college outcomes of program participants are better than those of similar students statewide while also highlighting variation within and across subgroups. At the same time, they confirm that AP participation and performance predict college outcomes and suggest that improving AP participation and performance among low-income white, black, and Latino students could be a useful strategy for closing persistent racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in college outcomes.

scholarly journals Impact of Voucher Design on Public School Performance: Evidence from Florida and Milwaukee Voucher Programs

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajashri Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
School Performance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
School Level ◽  
Failing Schools ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Estimation Strategy ◽  
Voucher Program ◽  
The U.S

Abstract This article compares two alternative voucher designs implemented in the U.S. The Milwaukee program was a “voucher shock” program that made low-income students eligible for vouchers. The Florida program was an accountability-tied voucher program that faced failing schools with “threat of vouchers” and stigma. In the context of a formal theoretical model, the study argues that the threatened schools will improve under the Florida-type program and this improvement will exceed that of the corresponding treated schools under the Milwaukee-type program. Using school-level scores from Florida and Wisconsin, and a difference-in-differences estimation strategy in trends, it then finds strong support in favor of these predictions.

scholarly journals Class and the Classroom: The Role of Individual- and School-Level Socioeconomic Factors in Predicting College Students’ Academic Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Cari Gillen-O’Neel ◽  
Emily C. Roebuck ◽  
Joan M. Ostrove
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
School Context ◽  
School Level ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
Academic Behaviors

This study examines how, for emerging adults attending residential colleges, family incomes and the socioeconomic status (SES) composition of high schools are jointly associated with academic behaviors in college. Using a one-time survey, daily surveys, and additional data collection on high school SES composition, this study measured 221 college students’ (17–25 years old) SES backgrounds and academic behaviors. Findings indicated that three academic behaviors (study time, in-class engagement, and help-seeking) were predicted by an interaction between family income and high school context. Among students who attended high schools that serve many low-income students, higher family income was significantly associated with more beneficial academic behaviors in college; among students who attended high schools that serve few low-income students, there was no association between family income and academic behaviors. Results indicate that colleges may need to be especially prepared to support students from lower income families who matriculated from lower SES high schools.

scholarly journals The Advanced Placement Expansion of the 1990s:How Did Traditionally Underserved Students Fare?

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Klopfenstein
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Placement ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Academic Preparation ◽  
College Level ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
Underserved Students ◽  
Small Rural Schools ◽  
The Right

The College Board’s Advanced Placement (AP) Program, which allows students to take college-level courses while in high school, enjoyed tremendous growth in the 1990s. Despite overall growth, small rural schools and high poverty schools continue to offer relatively few AP courses, and black, Hispanic, and low income students remain grossly underrepresented in AP classes. During the 1990s, AP incentive programs primarily subsidized test fees for low income students, but this provided no incentive for low income and rural schools to expand their AP course offerings and did nothing to strengthen the weak academic preparation of low income, black and Hispanic students. Recent federal funding changes provide a step in the right direction by supporting a comprehensive approach to increasing the AP access and participation of traditionally underserved students.

Measuring Middle School Achievement Trajectories for College Readiness

2021 ◽  
pp. 089590482110068
Author(s):  
Angela Johnson ◽  
Megan Kuhfeld ◽  
Gregory King
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
College Readiness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
School Level ◽  
Asian Students ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
Academic Trajectories ◽  
Middle School Achievement ◽  
Achievement Trajectories

This study identifies students’ academic trajectories in the middle grades relative to a set of college readiness benchmarks. We apply math and reading college readiness benchmarks to rich longitudinal data for more than 360,000 students across the nation. Student-level and school-level demographic characteristics significantly predict academic trajectories. Compared to White and Asian students, higher proportions of Black and Hispanic student are always off-track throughout middle school. Among students who started 6th grade on track, being male, Black, Hispanic, and attending schools with a higher percentage of low-income students are positively associated with falling off track.

Light touch, heavy hand: principals and data-use PLCs

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Huguet ◽  
Caitlin C. Farrell ◽  
Julie A. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Professional Learning ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
School Level ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Principal's Role

Purpose The use of data for instructional improvement is prevalent in today’s educational landscape, yet policies calling for data use may result in significant variation at the school level. The purpose of this paper is to focus on tools and routines as mechanisms of principal influence on data-use professional learning communities (PLCs). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a comparative case study of two low-income, low-performing schools in one district. The data set included interview and focus group transcripts, observation field notes and documents, and was iteratively coded. Findings The two principals in the study employed tools and routines differently to influence ways that teachers interacted with data in their PLCs. Teachers who were given leeway to co-construct data-use tools found them to be more beneficial to their work. Findings also suggest that teachers’ data use may benefit from more flexibility in their day-to-day PLC routines. Research limitations/implications Closer examination of how tools are designed and time is spent in data-use PLCs may help the authors further understand the influence of the principal’s role. Originality/value Previous research has demonstrated that data use can improve teacher instruction, yet the varied implementation of data-use PLCs in this district illustrates that not all students have an equal opportunity to learn from teachers who meaningfully engage with data.

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