scholarly journals Move Analysis of Legal Justifications in Constitutional Tribunal Judgments in Poland: What They Share and What They Do Not

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Gozdz-Roszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Genre Analysis ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Rhetorical Structure ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
The Way

Abstract It appears that we know surprisingly little about how judges frame linguistically the rationale behind their decisions and how such texts are structured. Using the concept of rhetorical moves (Swales in Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990; Bhatia in Analyzing genre-language use in professional settings, Longman, London, 1993, Worlds of written discourse. A genre-based view, Continuum, London, 2004), this paper adopts a genre-based approach to examine the rhetorical structure of legal justifications provided in the decisions of the Polish Constitutional Court (Trybunał Konstytucyjny). The goal of the study is to verify the claim that the way justifications are drafted is becoming more and more uniform and conventional. The results show that there is a common core of rhetorical structure realized by means of recurrent functional segments of text. This paper proposes a prototypical move structure of a Constitutional Tribunal justification and it argues that that the way justifications are drafted are subject to very concrete, even if not explicitly stated constraints.

scholarly journals TED Talks: A genre analysis

Revista X ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1552
Author(s):  
José Augusto Simões de Miranda ◽  
Maria Ester Wollstein Moritz
Keyword(s):  
Genre Analysis ◽  
Rhetorical Structure ◽  
Diverse Audience ◽  
Ted Talks ◽  
Speaker Presentation ◽  
The Way

This research aims at investigating TED Talks as a genre. The analysis focuses on its rhetorical structure, characterized by moves and steps and the communicative purposes of the genre. The corpus comprises 10 talks selected from the website TED Talks. The data are discussed in the light of Bhatia’s (1996/2004) and Swales’ (1990/2004) theories of genre. Results demonstrate that, in terms of the analysis of the rhetorical structure, it reveals a constant pattern of moves and steps along the corpus, since every talk contained the five moves identified by the analysis. These cyclical and more frequent moves are: topic introduction, speaker presentation, topic development, concluding messages, and acknowledgments/gratitude. In terms of its communicative purpose, TED aims to celebrate ideas to a diverse audience worldwide, due to the variety of topics encompassed. This study also allowed us to develop a deeper view of this spoken genre, its features, and the way individuals may benefit from it in their lives.

scholarly journals Rhetorical Structure and Sociocultural Analysis of Muslim and Christian Obituaries in Jordanian Newspapers

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Account ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Genre Analysis ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Rhetorical Structure

This paper gives a detailed account of the distinctive macro-structural and micro-linguistic properties used in Muslim and Christian obituaries in Jordan society. It also examines how socio-religious practices and beliefs are played out through the overall genre text. In order to examine the discourse, a move-based analysis was conducted upon a corpus of 150 Muslim obituary announcements (MOAs), and another 100 Christian obituary announcements (COAs). The analysis of textual and linguistic features is carried out by following Bhatia’s (1993) model as it fruitfully illumines the relation between social discursive practice and written discourse. The genre analysis of the data demonstrates that eleven communicative moves exist in both types of obituary announcements (OAs). The study also highlights that the generic genre discourse reveals several socio-cultural and religious messages about the Jordanian community that are reflected in the rhetorical components of this genre.

Konstytucyjne zasady postępowania karnego na tle orzecznictwa Polskiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Humanitarian Principle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Social Importance

The Constitutional Tribunal is defined as the Polish constitutional court and at the same time the judicial authority. It was created at the turn of 1982. Not long after that it began its jurisprudence; more precisely it was in 1986. Describing its basic tasks, it is pointed out that judicial review of so-called constitutional law deserves a closer look. This is particularly true about controlling the compliance of lower legal norms with higher legal norms. Here attention is drawn towards the connection of the Constitution with some international agreements, ie. the court of law. The purpose of the paper below was to analyze the constitutional principles of criminal proceedings in the context of the case law of the Polish Constitutional Court. At the beginning the concept, the division and the role of the constitutional rules of criminal procedure were presented. In this section, it was emphasized that all the rules of the criminal process are considered superior norms of a very significant social importance. Then the principle of objectivity, which is reflected in the Constitution of the Republic, was described. A following aspect was the discussion of the principle of the presumption of innocence and the principle of in dubio pro reo. It has been emphasized that the essence of the principle is that the person who was brought before the court is treated as innocent until a lawful judgment is pronounced against the defendant. The author also pointed out the principle of the right to defense. According to this rule, the defendant has the right to defend themselves in the process and to use the help of a defender. Another described principle is so-called rule of publicity. It concerns the fact that information about criminal proceedings should be accessible to the public. Then it was pointed to the principle of the right to the trial and the independence of the judiciary. The first one is reflected in national law and acts of international rank. The second shows that the independence of the judiciary is determined by the proper exercise of the profession of judge and becomes a guarantee of freedom and civil rights. The humanitarian principle and the principle of participation of the social factor in the penal process are shown in the final section. At the end of the paper a summary and conclusions were presented.

Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian: Inherent Translanguaging in the Linguistic Landscape of Sarajevo

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Tankosić ◽  
Jason Litzenberg
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Common Core ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Primary Language ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
Town Center

Abstract Language in the Balkan region of Southeastern Europe has a complex and turbulent history, acutely embodied in the tripartite and trilingual state of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in which Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs all make claim to their own mutually-intelligible varieties of local “languages”. This study utilizes a linguistic landscape methodology to consider language use in Sarajevo, the capital of BiH, approximately 20 years after a brutal war that led to the establishment of the country. Data originate from three municipalities within the Sarajevo Canton – namely, Old Town, Center, and Ilidža – because of their representation of the region’s diversity and history. Signs were classified according to the three primary language varieties, i.e., Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian; BCS, representing a common core among the three varieties, as well as English, other languages, and mixed languages. The application of BCS uniquely positions the present research in comparison to other studies of language use in the region and allows for a more nuanced, less politically and ethnolinguistically fraught analysis of the communicative tendencies of users. More specifically, data indicate that actors in the linguistic landscape transcend the boundaries of their national, ethnic, and religious identities by tending towards the more neutral BCS, suggesting an orientation towards more translingual dispositions than previous variety-bound approaches have indicated. Thus, instead of the divisiveness of linguistic identity politics, the linguistic landscape of Sarajevo indicates a tendency toward inclusion and linguistic egalitarianism.

scholarly journals Los contenidos socioculturales de los actos de habla: el contexto del usuario ideal en cuestionarios de hábitos sociales

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-296
Author(s):  
Diana Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Pragmatic Failure ◽  
Actos De Habla ◽  
Cultural Pragmatics

ResumenEn este trabajo se aborda la problemática de la universalidad de los actos de habla (Searle, ([1969]1980. Actos de habla. Madrid: Cátedra Visor.) y de su relación con las amenazas a la imagen social (cf. Placencia y Bravo, 2002. Actos de habla y cortesía en español. London: LINCOM; ; Bravo y Briz, 2004. Pragmática sociocultural: estudios del discurso de cortesía en español. Barcelona: Ariel). Dentro de los estudios de orientación pragmática de mayor difusión entre los académicos, encontramos dos posiciones, por un lado la de autores como Leech (([1983] 1988). Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman.) y Brown y Levinson ([1978] 1987. Politeness. Some Universals in Language Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.), que asumen que determinados actos de habla serían inherentemente amenazantes para la mantención de la imagen social (face); por otro, la de Thomas ((1983). Cross-cultural pragmatic failure. Applied Linguistics, 4 (2), pp. 91–112.), Wierzbicka ((1991). Cross-cultural pragmatics. The Semantics of Human Interaction. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.) y Blum-Kulka, S. y Olshtain, E. ((1984). Request and apologies: a cross-cultural study of speech act realization patterns (CCSARP). Applied Linguistics, (5), pp. 196–213.), entre otros, para quienes la percepción de los mismos actos en distintas culturas estaría influida por factores socioculturales, de manera que los actos de habla no serían per se amenazantes, sino que esta condición dependería de su interpretación en contexto. Creemos que los actos se describen de modo distinto dependiendo de cuál sea el contexto del usuario ideal, término que refiere al uso habitual de la lengua en su contexto situacional y sociocultural. Por ello sostenemos que no basta con interpretar los actos con la sola ayuda de la bibliografía y de las propias intuiciones, sino que es necesario consultar al usuario de la lengua. En este artículo nos enfocaremos en justificar una metodología de recogida de datos socio-pragmáticos que establece relaciones directas entre los actos y los hábitos sociales de sus usuarios. Nos basaremos en un método de consulta usado por varios autores, el cuestionario de hábitos sociales (cf. Hernández Flores, (2002). La cortesía en la conversación española de familiares y amigos. La búsqueda de equilibrio entre la imagen del hablante y la imagen del destinatario. Tesis doctoral. Aalborg: Aalborg Universitet. Recuperado de http://edice.asice.se/?page_id=305, y Bernal y Hernández Flores, (2016). Variación socio-pragmática en la enseñanza del español: aplicación didáctica de un cuestionario de hábitos sociales. Journal of Spanish Language Teaching, 3 (2), pp. 114–126.).

scholarly journals Studying Characteristic and Identity through Oral Literature in Malaynese

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasnim Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Way

In oral literature, the moment that people remember most is could be the way the performer in performing it, the intonation, the history beyond, the particular sayings, or the performer itself. It depends on the listeners’ background about how they achieved. Among of them, oral literature has important role in sharing information among a speech community because the listeners are able to get the message directly without any interpretation. Consequenty, the study of oral literature is not merely study the language as principal but also language use because it is related to the character and identity. In addition, the study tends to have information from native view because it is related to their concept in mind. This study discussed about the concept of oral literature, the role of oral literature of Malaynese in building character and identity, and the role of Antropolinguistik as interdisipliner to analize oral literature in Malaynese.

scholarly journals Terminology: Aboutness, Representation, and Metasemantics

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Herman Cappelen ◽  
Josh Dever
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
As If ◽  
The Way

This short chapter does two things. First, it shows that in fact workers in AI frequently talk as if AI systems express contents. We present the argument that the complex nature of the actions and communications of AI systems, even if they are very different from the complex behaviours of human beings, and the way they have ‘aboutness’, strongly suggest a contentful interpretation of those actions and communications. It then introduces some philosophical terminology that captures various aspects of language use, such as the ones in the title, to better make clear what one is saying—philosophically speaking—when one claims AI systems communicate, and to provide a vocabulary for the next few chapters.

Concessive constructions in English business letter discourse

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Vergaro
Keyword(s):  
Genre Analysis ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Traditional Grammar ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the pragmatic use of concessive constructions in business letter discourse. In linguistics, concession has been analyzed primarily within concessive clauses, which have been widely studied, either alone or compared with other syntactic categories such as adversative, causal, or conditional clauses. The term ‘concessive’ itself belongs to the terminology developed within traditional grammar to classify adverbials and adverbial clauses. Heretofore, less attention has been paid to the pragmatic use of concession, i.e., the way in which concessive constructions strategically function within a specific context. The context under analysis in this paper is that of the ‘business letter’ genre. Analysis of a corpus of English business letters shows that concessive constructions are used in this genre both for propositional (or ideational) and procedural (or interpersonal) reasons. This paper considers only the second to be truly pragmatic. Preference for the first or second strategy depends on the text types belonging to the genre. When procedural reasons prevail, concession is mostly introduced for politeness reasons, politeness being one of the factors constantly at play in business exchanges.

LA DISOLUCIÓN DE UN PARTIDO POLÍTICO Y SU CARÁCTER SANCIONADOR

2010 ◽  
pp. 743-765
Author(s):  
IÑAKI LASAGABASTER HERRARTE
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Way

El trabajo analiza el concepto de sanción establecido jurisprudencialmente concluyendo que la prohibición de partidos, regulada en la Ley Orgánica 6/2002 de Partidos Políticos, no puede ser entendida nada más que como sanción. Frente a la argumentación del Tribunal Constitucional, que niega el carácter sancionador, aduce su carácter meramente represivo y la contradicción existente entre la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 48/2003 y sus pronunciamientos anteriores. Al analizar la forma en que el Tribunal Constitucional analiza el bis in idem, se vuelve a constatar la modificación injustificada que el Tribunal Constitucional hace de los componentes del bis in idem, hasta ese momento parecía que consolidados jurisprudencialmente. Lan honetan jurisprudentzian ezarritako zigor-kontzeptua aztertzen da, eta zera ondorioztatzen: zalantzarik gabe, zigor hutsa da Alderdi Politikoen 6/2002 Lege Organikoak ezartzen duen alderdien debekua. Konstituzio Auzitegiak arau horren izaera zigortzailea ukatzen duen arren, lan honetan argudiatzen da, ordea, errepresiozkoa baino ez dela, eta agerian uzten dira Konstituzio Auzitegiaren 48/2003 Epaiaren eta auzitegi beraren aurreko zenbait epairen arteko kontraesanak. Konstituzio Auzitegiak bis in idem nola aztertzen duen ikertzean, berriz ere egiaztatzen da auzitegi horrek aldatu egiten dituela, justifikaziorik gabe, bis in idem horren osagarriak, ordura arte jurisprudentzian irmoak omen zirenak. This work analyzes the concept of penalty established by the caselaw by deducing that the ban to political parties as regulated by Organic Act 6/2002 on Political Parties, cannot only be understood as a mere penalty. Against the Constitutional Court's line of argument, which denies its punishing character, it provides us with its merely repressive character and the existing contradiction between the Constitutional Court's judgment 78/2003 and its previous rulings. On analyzing the way the Constitutional Court analyzes the concept of non bis in idem, it shows again the unjustified modification done by the Constitutional Court on the components of the bis in idem, which so far seemed to be consolidated by the caselaw.

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