Exposure to Violence Among Syrian Refugee Women Preflight and During Flight: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Sweden

Violence against women (VAW) is a hidden aspect of humanitarian emergencies, especially during conflicts, and prevalence estimates remain scarce. An adequate response to VAW in humanitarian contexts requires information regarding the extent of the problem and associated factors, including the role of past violence. This study is a questionnaire survey of a random sample of 452 Syrian refugee women resettled in Sweden. Findings show that the prevalence of any violence preflight and during flight was 25.1% and 7.8%, respectively. Older women and women exposed to violence preflight were more likely to experience violence during flight. Findings suggest the need for more trauma-informed systems of handling asylum seekers and refugees, as a humanitarian principle. Other implications for research and practice are discussed.

Asas Penyelenggaraan Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional Oleh Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan di Kota Jambi

This article is the result of research with the aim of analyzing and examining the principles in the implementation of the National Social Security System by BPJS Kesehatan in Jambi City. Then it aims to study and analyze the problems and efforts to overcome the problems. The research carried out is a type of empirical research, which concentrates on the main data from the field. The sampling method is through the 'accidental sampling' technique. The result of the research states that the humanitarian principle and the principle of benefit have mostly been implemented in BPJS services at the Hospital in Jambi City. Only the principle of social justice for all Indonesian people is still obscured and its implementation has not yet been seen in the implementation of health services by BPJS at Jambi City Hospital. Furthermore, there are still problems in the implementation of the BPJS in Jambi City, namely some of the losses in the implementation of the National Health Insurance, the unfairness of claims by participants in certain groups, unequal facilities and health workers in Hospitals.

From Humanitarian Rescue to Border Security: Managing Migration in the Central Mediterranean

While images of boats in distress, overflowing with migrants in the Central Mediterranean, flash on television screens and front pages of Italian and European newspapers, search and rescue (SAR) missions continue to draw attention. This article takes a look at migratory flows across the Central Mediterranean from 2012 to 2018 and focuses on the response of governmental, inter-governmental, and non-governmental actors rescuing lives at sea. Using aggregate data on migrants’ sea arrivals and deaths as well as official documents from the UNHRC, the European Union, Italy’s Ministry of Interior, and NGOs, this study investigates 1) how different actors have responded to migratory flows across the Central Mediterranean, and 2) how actors’ narratives and response have impacted the situation at sea. The study finds that, although all three actors act on the humanitarian principle ‘to save lives,’ their narratives and response diverge as the intensity of sea arrivals persists.

Historical role of university libraries as cultural and educational center

The need for studies to analyze the evolution of university libraries at the various historical stages is substantiated. The authors identify three periods when the library role was changing radically due to the changes in ideology and social demands. The authors explore the first period in detail and point to the narrative character of most publications on the library history lacking analysis of their humanitarian origins. The authors argue that, to conceptualize academic libraries mission at the present time, it is necessary to understand the university library mission from the historical perspective. They emphasize that cultural and educational activitiestoday is viewed in the context of personal socialization, or student’s social adaptation while the vector of information space development calls for conceptualization of the libraries’ humanitarian mission.The authors argue that, to understand a university library mission and, speaking wider – an education humanitarian principle we have to turn to historical and philosophic essence of humanism and enlightenment at the earliest stage of Russian academic libraries of the late 18th – early 20th century.

PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR CHARACTER OF THANOS IN THE FILM AVENGERS INFINITY WARS

PERILAKU PROSOSIAL KARAKTER THANOS DALAM FILM AVENGERS INFINITY WARSAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kisah sentuhan emas raja Midas yang diceritakan kembali dalam film “Avengers: the Infinity War”. Kisah raja Midas berhubungan dengan kekosongan setelah banyak yang tak tertandingi. Sember data primer adalah tampilan visual dan scenario film “Avengers: the Infinity War”, sedangkan data sekunder adalah diskusi kritis yang membahas film tersebut dalam kanal Youtube dan Netflix. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan wacana kritis. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama, nilai-nilai moral yang dikemas melalui pesan bahwa sesuatu dapat lebih berharga daripada kekuasaan. Jika dalam versi lama, yang penting adalah ketersediaan makanan dan minuman, raja tidak bisa makan dan minum karena setiap menyentuh semuanya dengan emas, termasuk makanan. Pesan terbaru yang ditampilkan melalui “Avengers: Infinity War” adalah kekuatan luar biasa tanpa saingan. Kedua, yang didapatkan bukan kekuatan tanpa pertandingan, tetapi rasa kebingungan karena telah dijauhi oleh seluruh komunitas. Kondisi digambarkan pada adegan terakhir saat kehilangan enam batu penyihir yang memiliki kekuatan. Ketiga, memegang posisi dalam komunitas berarti menjunjung tinggi nilai kemanusiaan. Temuan tersebut berimplikasi pada pentingnya kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah, khususnya sekolah dasar, melaksanakan pembelajaran berbasis nilai-nilai kemanusiaan sesuia dengan perkembangan peserta didik. Kata kunci: sentuhan emas, king midas, avengers, perilaku prososial AbstractThe objective of this study is analyzing the story of the golden touch of the king of Midas which had been retold in Avengers: the Infinity War. The method is analyzing topics of the long story of events and times. Briefly, the story of the king of Midas relates to the emptiness after being much unchallenged. The results are (1) the moral values are packed in a message that something more valuable than power. If in the old version, the important thing is the availability of food and drink, the king cannot eat and drink because every touched it all to gold including the Food. The recent version, which is mechanized in the Avengers: Infinity War this time that is lifted is an incredible power without rivals. (2) Instead of getting everything, power without a match,a sense of confusion because in the final scene just lose the six sorceress stones that have of powers since it has been shunned by the whole community. (3) It holds a meaningful community position on humanitarian improvement. The main conclusions are, (1) The teaching and learning in elementary school environments teaches humanity-based learning based on justice which is in accordance with the basic humanitarian principle which emphasizes on learning that adjusts to the development of learners' position. (2) The underlying thing on the background of self-reliance and humanity is fair and dignified. This is the starting point of the universal message to own pro-social personality, by patriotic movie. Keywords: gold touch, king midas, avengers, pro-social behavior

Konstytucyjne zasady postępowania karnego na tle orzecznictwa Polskiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego

The Constitutional Tribunal is defined as the Polish constitutional court and at the same time the judicial authority. It was created at the turn of 1982. Not long after that it began its jurisprudence; more precisely it was in 1986. Describing its basic tasks, it is pointed out that judicial review of so-called constitutional law deserves a closer look. This is particularly true about controlling the compliance of lower legal norms with higher legal norms. Here attention is drawn towards the connection of the Constitution with some international agreements, ie. the court of law. The purpose of the paper below was to analyze the constitutional principles of criminal proceedings in the context of the case law of the Polish Constitutional Court. At the beginning the concept, the division and the role of the constitutional rules of criminal procedure were presented. In this section, it was emphasized that all the rules of the criminal process are considered superior norms of a very significant social importance. Then the principle of objectivity, which is reflected in the Constitution of the Republic, was described. A following aspect was the discussion of the principle of the presumption of innocence and the principle of in dubio pro reo. It has been emphasized that the essence of the principle is that the person who was brought before the court is treated as innocent until a lawful judgment is pronounced against the defendant. The author also pointed out the principle of the right to defense. According to this rule, the defendant has the right to defend themselves in the process and to use the help of a defender. Another described principle is so-called rule of publicity. It concerns the fact that information about criminal proceedings should be accessible to the public. Then it was pointed to the principle of the right to the trial and the independence of the judiciary. The first one is reflected in national law and acts of international rank. The second shows that the independence of the judiciary is determined by the proper exercise of the profession of judge and becomes a guarantee of freedom and civil rights. The humanitarian principle and the principle of participation of the social factor in the penal process are shown in the final section. At the end of the paper a summary and conclusions were presented.

Unpacking the principle of humanity: Tensions and implications

Humanity is at once the most universally and uncritically accepted humanitarian principle. It is not, however, without controversy. This article defines the principle of humanity and then explores its inherent tensions, related to universality and particularism, inclusion and exclusion, and equality and inequality. The article concludes with a call to operationalize and concretize humanity through three sets of transformative practices and everyday actions. Together these embody the relational nature of humanity, and suggest ways forward in reforming humanitarianism.

Faith and impartiality in humanitarian response: Lessons from Lebanese evangelical churches providing food aid

This case study of a network of evangelical churches in Lebanon, based on data collected during an evaluation in 2014, presents a critique of common understandings about the humanitarian principle of impartiality, and questions assumptions about the compatibility between religious fervour and humanitarian values. Churches attempting to respect impartiality while implementing a food aid project for Syrian refugees have sought to mitigate potential problems through relationship-building and promotion of human dignity in order to ensure needs-responsiveness. Though many Lebanese Evangelical Christians do continue to engage in evangelistic activity, they benefit from strong community ties and demonstrate a high level of sensitivity to their beneficiaries' urgent needs as well as their sense of dignity.

Global Health Cluster Position Paper: Removing User Fees for Primary Healthcare Services during Humanitarian Crises

This paper, produced by the Global Health Cluster, provides guidance to policy-makers and other health actors for the removal of user fees for the provision of primary healthcare (PHC) services during humanitarian crises. Reflecting international consensus, it provides guidance for humanitarian agencies for reducing the financial barriers to access to PHC services by removing user fees and the risks imposed by user fees, i.e., catastrophic health expenditures. It is based on the humanitarian principle of impartiality and on human rights, which state that humanitarian interventions should be provided “based on needs alone”, be accessible without discrimination, and be affordable for all. Therefore, humanitarian aid must not introduce or support a financing . mechanism for which sufficient evidence exists that indicates that it has negative effects on access to PHC for the most vulnerable and excluded groups.