scholarly journals So Far, so Similar? Labour Market Feminization in Italy and Chile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Semenza ◽  
Giorgio Boccardo ◽  
Simone Sarti
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Segregation Index ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe article aims to analyse gender segregation in the labour market while comparing two national contexts in Europe and Latin America. Specifically, it will consider the growth trends of female employment in the last 25 years (1992–2017), its distribution between activity sectors and occupations, and the gender pay gap. Feminization models and gender inequalities are framed within labour market segmentation theories, which are in partial contrast to human capital theories and neoclassical economics. The initial hypothesis is that the gender distribution of occupations measured by a segregation index is similar in Italy and Chile, despite significant differences in the socio-economic and institutional contexts. Through this intercontinental comparison, the article intends to shed light on women’s labour market conditions and segregation patterns, which are multidimensional and generalizable (transcontinental) phenomena, connected to the unequal division of labour in the new post-industrial order.

scholarly journals Lean Work and Gender Inequalities: Manufacturing Consent at a Multinational Car Plant in Provincial Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Krzywdzinski ◽  
Grzegorz Lechowski ◽  
Valentina Mählmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level

How do local labour market structures, in tandem with workforce dispositions and attitudes, influence the way multinational companies localise their standardised work and production systems? This article investigates the conflict-ridden factory regime of a lean automotive plant in provincial Russia at which the management was able to secure a relatively high level of consent among its female workers but not among male workers. In order to explain this gendered pattern of worker consent, the plant-internal gender division of labour and two societal factors proved crucial: the gendered segmentation of the local labour market and the workers’ cultural dispositions. At the same time, the analysis points to the transformative effect that the company’s work and production system had on the local labour regime. The case study relies on a combination of quantitative survey data and qualitative interviews. It emphasises the need to reconnect the analysis of branch-plant factory regimes to a nuanced understanding of their embeddedness within local labour markets – also in the case of highly standardised work and production systems.  KEY WORDS: labour control regime; labour process; labour market; lean production; gender relations

Gender inequalities in the new world of work

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Piasna ◽  
Jan Drahokoupil
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Work Organisation ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Policy Challenge ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Forms Of Work

Digitalisation, automation and technological change have brought about shifts in the occupational structure, the place and the timing of work, and career patterns, putting a further strain on the standard employment relationship. In the recent research on digitalisation, scant attention has however been paid to the gender impact of these changes. This article addresses this gap by developing a gender perspective on digitalisation, considering how these developments interact with existing social inequalities and gender segregation patterns in the labour market. We identify two broad areas in which digitalisation has thus far had a pronounced effect on employment: the structure of employment (including occupational change and the task content of jobs) and forms of work (including employment relationships and work organisation). We find that, despite the profound changes in the labour market, traditional gender inequalities continue to reassert themselves on many dimensions. With standard employment declining in significance, the policy challenge is to include new forms of work in effective labour protection frameworks that promote equal access of women and men to quality jobs and their equal treatment at work.

scholarly journals Donne al lavoro in Italia tra parità formale e disparità sostanziale

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Toffanin
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Full Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Condition Of Women ◽  
The Welfare State

The contribution aims to articulate in critical terms the condition of women in Italy, in light of the recent transformations that have affected the welfare state and labour market. In particular, the attention has been paid to the more hidden aspects of the recent reforms implemented by Italian governments, concerning the relation between care work and social and material changes. The casualization of labour among young women is producing a postponement of the reproductive choices while among older ones, especially the unskilled ones, it is producing a returning as a full-time housewives, with all the implications that this dynamic has in terms of loss of emancipation and autonomy. For many women the impossibility to balance work and personal life is leading to their exclusion from the labour market. The reflections developed in this paper aim to highlight the process of invisibilization that continues to mark the reproductive work and the consequences that this process has on the reproduction of class and gender inequalities.

scholarly journals The conundrums of formal and informal meritocracy: dealing with gender segregation in the academy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stina Powell ◽  
Seema Arora-Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Gender Balance ◽  
Fair Principles ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University

AbstractDespite the academy’s commitment to the idea of meritocratic and fair principles in recruitments, promotions, student admissions and progress, gender segregation and gender inequalities continue to trouble universities worldwide. Through case-studies of two education programs at a Swedish university, we investigate how processes of formal merit, both formal (required for admission such as high grades) and what we identify as informal merit (needing to act in particular ways once admitted) work to obviate or reproduce gender-segregation. We analyze how everyday gendering processes in the classroom play a central role in what gets constructed as merit. Changing notions of merit during the period of study can hamper possibilities for ending gender segregation in HE or open up for ways to circumvent it. We show that a complex and ongoing construction of informal merit can restrain students from minority groups (in relation to gender, but also ethnic background, socioeconomic position, or sexuality) to enter, and importantly, remain in the program. At the same time, new ways of addressing the subject itself provides potential openings. We argue that in order to achieve gender balance at universities, it is urgent to understand how informal and formal merit interplay once students have joined the university and importantly also when they have made the leap and broken with gender segregated education choices.

Gender aspects in Marine Science

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Başak Kısakürek Ibsen ◽  
Tiit Kutser ◽  
Katja Matthes ◽  
Marike Schmeck ◽  
Johanna Stadmark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
And Gender

<p>The EU-funded project, Baltic Gender (www.baltic-gender.eu), has been working since 2016 to help reduce gender segregation and gender inequalities in marine science and technology. Gender-sensitive indicators from eight institutions participating in Baltic Gender (from Estonia, Finland, Germany, Lithuania and Sweden) set the scene for the status of gender equality in marine S&T in Europe today. Although 34-50% of doctorate students are women, this proportion drops dramatically at professorship positions (0-27%). The glass ceiling index can be used to look at the career phase, where bottlenecks in an institution appear (i.e., where the retention rates of different genders vary the most). More women than men are observed to drop out at the transition from postdoc to faculty positioning or from junior professorship to professorship, depending on the career path development plan of the specific institution. Data from German research ships (Sonne, Maris S. Merian, Meteor, Poseidon, Alkor, Polarstern, Heincke, Elisabeth Mann Borgese) show that the average length of the scientific cruises led by men and women was the same in 2018, but only one fifth of the chief scientists were women.</p><p>Baltic Gender implemented activities at three levels. At the individual level, initiatives (such as mentoring, leadership trainings and grass-root networks) were introduced to support career growth and networking, especially at those career stages where bottlenecks exist. At the structural level, best practice examples were selected from Baltic Gender partners and collected in a handbook to promote structural changes. These best practice examples support equal opportunities, transparent processes and respectful cooperation in marine sciences. Additionally, custom tailored training sessions were organised in the Baltic Gender institutions to raise awareness on various topics such as unconscious bias, work-life balance, border violations to name a few. At the research level, a new methodology that guides the integration of gender perspectives into the content of marine science projects was developed and tested. Finally, Baltic Gender endorsed the integration of the above-mentioned indicators, initiatives and practices in the Gender Equality Plans (GEPs) of its partner institutions, paving the way for long lasting and gender fair structures.</p>

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