Structure of regular solutions of Faddeev equations near the pair impact point

2008 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 1058-1074
Author(s):  
V. V. Pupyshev
Keyword(s):  
Impact Point ◽  
Regular Solutions ◽  
Faddeev Equations

High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 478-479
Author(s):  
David Joy ◽  
James Pawley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Impact Point ◽  
Interaction Volume ◽  
Scanning Electron

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) builds up an image by sampling contiguous sub-volumes near the surface of the specimen. A fine electron beam selectively excites each sub-volume and then the intensity of some resulting signal is measured. The spatial resolution of images made using such a process is limited by at least three factors. Two of these determine the size of the interaction volume: the size of the electron probe and the extent to which detectable signal is excited from locations remote from the beam impact point. A third limitation emerges from the fact that the probing beam is composed of a finite number of discrete particles and therefore that the accuracy with which any detectable signal can be measured is limited by Poisson statistics applied to this number (or to the number of events actually detected if this is smaller).

Thin structure of heterogeneous and multiphase fluid flows

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Yu.D. Chashechkin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fundamental System ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Regular Solutions ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thin Structure ◽  
Multiphase Fluid ◽  
Complete Solutions

According to the results of visualization of streams, the existence of structures in a wide range of scales is noted: from galactic to micron. The use of a fundamental system of equations is substantiated based on the results of comparing symmetries of various flow models with the usage of theoretical group methods. Complete solutions of the system are found by the methods of the singular perturbations theory with a condition of compatibility, which determines the characteristic equation. A comparison of complete solutions with experimental data shows that regular solutions characterize large-scale components of the flow, a rich family of singular solutions describes formation of the thin media structure. Examples of calculations and observations of stratified, rotating and multiphase media are given. The requirements for the technique of an adequate experiment are discussed.

A discussion on equations of phase equilibrium between two regular binary phases

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1433-1438
Author(s):  
Jan Vřešťál
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Concentration Dependence ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Enthalpy Change ◽  
Independent Parameter ◽  
Free Enthalpy ◽  
Regular Solutions ◽  
Regular Model ◽  
Concentration Dependences

The conditions of the existence of extreme on the concentration dependences of absolute temperature (x are mole fractions) T = Tα(xkα) and T = Tβ(xkβ) denoting equilibrium between two binary regular solutions are generally developed under two assumptions: 1) Free enthalpy change of pure components k = i, j at transition from phase α to β is a linear function of temperature. 2) Concentration dependence of excess free enthalpy (identical with enthalpy) of solutions α and β, respectively, is described in regular model by one concentration and temperature independent parameter for each individual phase.

scholarly journals Influence of the Submerged Entry Nozzle’s Bottom Well on the Characteristics of Its Exit Jets

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Jesus Gonzalez-Trejo ◽  
Cesar A. Real-Ramirez ◽  
Jose Raul Miranda-Tello ◽  
Ruslan Gabbasov ◽  
Ignacio Carvajal-Mariscal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Mold Wall ◽  
Casting Machine ◽  
Submerged Entry Nozzle ◽  
Central Plane ◽  
Impact Point ◽  
Single Vortex ◽  
Hydrodynamic Analysis ◽  
Principal Characteristics

In vertical continuous casting machines the liquid steel from the tundish is poured into the mold through the Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN). The shape and direction of the SEN exit jets affect the liquid steel dynamics inside the mold. This work quantifies the effect of the SEN pool on the principal characteristics of the jets emerging from it, precisely, the shape, the spread angles, and the mold impact point. Experimental and numerical simulations were carried out using a SEN simplified model, a square-shaped bore nozzle with square-shaped outlet ports whose length is minimal. These experiments showed two well-defined behaviors. When a single vortex dominates the hydrodynamics inside the simplified SEN, the exit jets spread out and are misaligned about the mold’s central plane. On the contrary, when the inner flow pattern shows two vortexes, the exit jets are compact and parallel to the mold wide walls. The measured difference on the jet’s falling angles is 5°, approximately, which implies that in an actual casting machine, the impingement point at the narrow mold wall would have a variation of 0.150 m. This hydrodynamic analysis would help design new SENs for continuous casting machines that improve steel quality.

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