Chromosome set doubling and ploidy stability in synthetic auto- and allotetraploid of Eucalyptus: from in vitro condition to the field

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Junior Silva ◽  
Carlos Roberto Carvalho ◽  
Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Stability

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Anubias barteri var. Nana from Shoot Tip Culture and the Analysis of Ploidy Stability

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kantamaht KANCHANAPOOM ◽  
Panyaros CHUNUI ◽  
Kamnoon KANCHANAPOOM
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Tip Culture ◽  
Ploidy Stability ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Mother Plants

Plant regeneration of Anubias barteri var. Nana was achieved through organogenesis in shoot tip cultures. Multiple shoots were induced from cultured shoot tips on a modified MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with BA and kinetin. The maximum green shoot numbers were best obtained on MS medium containing 3 mg/L BA with 5 shoots. Rooting in all regenerated shoots was promoted on MS medium devoid of plant growth regulators or kinetin singly. Acclimatization and survival when transferred to field conditions were shown to be 100% in the regenerated plants. Cytological and flow cytometric analyses of the mother plants and in vitro grown plants derived from 5 years old cultures showed no differences in ploidy level, they were all diploid (2n = 2x = 48) with a 2C peak indicating that ploidy alteration did not occur.

Ploidy stability of somatic embryo-derived plants in two ecological keystone sedge species (Lepidosperma laterale and L. concavum, Cyperaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kodym ◽  
Eva M. Temsch ◽  
Eric Bunn ◽  
John Delpratt
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Ploidy Stability ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Seedling Explants ◽  
C Value

We report on the development of a somatic embryogenesis system for Lepidosperma concavum R.Br. and L. laterale R.Br. and the determination of ploidy stability of plants derived from somatic embryos. These keystone Lepidosperma species cannot currently be returned to restoration sites because of propagation difficulties (i.e. seed dormancy, low seed fill and recalcitrance to vegetative propagation). Three explant types (in vitro-germinated seedlings, immature seed and immature inflorescences) were used for the assessment of callus production potential. Embryogenic callus was induced and multiplied on 1/2MS medium with 2,4-D either alone, or in combination with zeatin. Over 90% of seedling explants of L. laterale produced regenerative calli after 6 weeks and 53% of seedling explants of L. concavum produced calli after 16 weeks on media containing 2,4-D and zeatin. Inflorescence material appeared to be least responsive. High rates of conversion to plants were achieved on medium containing activated charcoal, followed by thidiazuron medium. Acclimatisation success of plants ranged from 86% to 95%. Acclimatised plants grew vigorously under standard nursery conditions. The DNA ploidy level of 486 somatic embryogenesis-derived plantlets was analysed by flow cytometry. Only one plant (=0.2% of all plantlets tested) was found mixoploid. All other plants showed a stable ploidy level and stable C-values within the species. There was a small but significant C-value difference between the two Lepidosperma species. Five variegated plants (=0.3%) were observed among a total of ~1600 plants acclimatised. The application of tissue culture techniques such as somatic embryogenesis brings large-scale production of Lepidosperma plants for revegetation and horticultural purposes closer to commercial feasibility.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Hibiscus moscheutos L. ‘Luna White’: effect of growth regulators and explants on nuclear DNA content and ploidy stability of regenerants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidou F. Sakhanokho ◽  
Nurul Islam-Faridi ◽  
Ebrahiem M. Babiker ◽  
Barbara J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Count ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Ploidy Stability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

AbstractHibiscus moscheutos L., also known as hardy hibiscus, is valued for its medicinal and ornamental attributes. It is usually propagated via seeds or cuttings. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a dependable micropropagation for H. moscheutos ‘Luna White’. To that end, the effect of four explant types (leaf, root, node, shoot tip) and two growth regulators 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and meta-Topolin (mT) (6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino) purine) on in vitro growth of H. moscheutos was investigated. Genetic stability of the in vitro grown plants was assessed using flow cytometry, and chromosome count was investigated. No shoots were obtained from leaf or root explants. An efficient protocol for micropropagation of H. moscheutos using two explant types, 2-node and shoot tip explants, and two cytokinins (BA and mT) capable of producing true-to-type regenerants was established. Both BA and mT can be used at 2 μM or 4 μM using either 2-node or shoot tip explants. No significant difference was found between the nuclear DNA contents of seed-derived and in vitro grown plants (P < 0.05). The mean 2C DNA and monoploid 1Cx-values of seed-derived plants were 3.25 ± 0.08 pg and 1.62 ± 0.04 pg, respectively, compared with 3.26 ± 0.06 pg and 1.63 ± 0.02 pg, respectively, for in vitro grown plants. The chromosome number of both seed-derived plants and regenerants was determined to be 2n = 2x = 38. The mature regenerants obtained were fertile and phenotypically similar to seed-derived plants.

scholarly journals The Cornerstone for in Vitro Propagation and Ploidy Stability of Myrsine (Primulaceae) Species

CYTOLOGIA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-390
Author(s):  
Micheli Sossai Spadeto ◽  
Tatiana Tavares Carrijo ◽  
Carlos Roberto Carvalho ◽  
Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Stability

Ploidy stability and in vitro chromosome doubling in gynogenic clones of onion (Allium cepa L.)

Plant Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Geoffriau ◽  
R. Kahane ◽  
C. Bellamy ◽  
M. Rancillac
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Ploidy Stability ◽  
Allium Cepa L

scholarly journals Genomic Methylated Cytosine Level during the Dedifferentiation and Cellular Competence in Coffea arabica Lines: Insights about the Different In Vitro Responses

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1536
Author(s):  
João Paulo de Morais Oliveira ◽  
Natália Arruda Sanglard ◽  
Adésio Ferreira ◽  
Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Ploidy Stability ◽  
Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Cellular Competence

Coffea arabica genotypes present distinct responses in vitro, and somaclonal variation occurrence has been reported. Global cytosine methylation is one of the epigenetic mechanisms that influences the Coffea in vitro responses. We aimed to establish the indirect somatic embryogenesis in C. arabica ‘Catuaí Vermelho’, ‘Caturra’ and ‘Oeiras’, associate the distinct responses to the methylated cytosine genomic level, and check the ploidy stability. Leaf explants were cultured in callus induction and proliferation medium. The resulted calli were transferred to the regeneration medium, and the mature cotyledonary somatic embryos were transferred to the seedling medium. ‘Oeiras’ exhibited the highest number of responsive leaf explants, followed by ‘Caturra’ and ‘Catuaí Vermelho’. Global methylated cytosine level increased over time in the ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ and ‘Caturra’ friable calli, remaining constant in ‘Oeiras’. ‘Oeiras’ did not regenerate somatic embryos, while ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ exhibited the highest number. Somatic embryo regeneration was associated with the increase of the methylated cytosine level. However, the ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ embryogenic calli showed a lower methylated cytosine level than ‘Caturra’. Recovered plantlets exhibited the same 2C value and chromosome number to the explant donors. Therefore, cytosine hypermethylation occurred during C. arabica indirect somatic embryogenesis, influencing cell competence and somatic embryos regeneration.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

In Vitro Induction of Crystals of MT Protein by Vinblastine-Colcemid in Mouse Spermatids

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John J. Wolosewick ◽  
John H. D. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nuclear Ring ◽  
Rough Er ◽  
Distal Direction ◽  
In Vitro Induction

Early in spermiogenesis the manchette is rapidly assembled in a distal direction from the nuclear-ring-densities. The association of vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the manchette microtubules (MTS) has been reported. In the mouse, osmophilic densities at the distal ends of the manchette are the organizing centers (MTOCS), and are associated with the SER. Rapid MT assembly and the lack of rough ER suggests that there is an existing pool of MT protein. Colcemid potentiates the reaction of vinblastine with tubulin and was used in this investigation to detect this protein.

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