scholarly journals Performance of Post-Processed Methods in Hydrological Predictions Evaluated by Deterministic and Probabilistic Criteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 3289-3302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Quan Li ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Chong-Yu Xu ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Criteria

Selection of standard facilities for periodic inspection using probabilistic criteria

1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 954-959
Author(s):  
N. N. Vostroknutov ◽  
M. A. Zemel'man ◽  
V. M. Kashlakov
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Inspection ◽  
Probabilistic Criteria ◽  
Selection Of

Level of knowledge about risks and benefits of the medicinal plants use and fitotherapics at a community of Recife — PE

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Delmilena De Aquino ◽  
Renata Beltrão Lopes da Silva ◽  
Viviane Felipe Gomes ◽  
Ednaldo Cavalcante De Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Probabilistic Criteria

RESUMOTrata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, de natureza quantitativa, com o objetivo de identificar o nível de conhecimento da comunidade de Brasilit, acerca dos riscos e benefícios do uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos (forma de obtenção, acondicionamento e preparação de remédios caseiros), visando a evitar o uso inadequado e a automedicação por esta população. A amostra será definida por critérios não probabilísticos constituída por homens e mulheres residentes na referida comunidade na cidade do Recife, que desejem participar espontaneamente desta pesquisa. Para a coleta de dados será utilizado um questionário que em seguida será iniciado o processo de análise. Para isto, os dados serão tabulados e receberão tratamento estatístico elementar, sendo agrupados e apresentados em gráficos, tabelas e quadros cuja freqüência será demonstrada em valores percentuais. Palavras-chave: Conhecimento; Risco; Plantas medicinais; Fitoterápicos.ABSTRACTExploratory and descriptive study, of quantitative boarding, aiming at identifying the knowledge level of the Brasilit community, concerning the risks and benefits of the use of medicinal plants and fitotherapics (attainment form, preservation and preparation of remedies caretakers), aiming at preventing the inadequate use and the self-medication for this population. The sample will be defined by not probabilistic criteria constituted by men and women resident in the related community, whom they desire to participate spontaneous of this research. For the collection of data a questionnaire will be used that after that will be initiated the analysis process. For this, the data will be tabulated and will receive statistical treatment elementary, being grouped and presented in graphs, tables and pictures whose frequency will be demonstrated in percentile values. Keywords: Knowledge; Risk; Medicinal plants; Fitotherapics.RESUMENEstudio indagatorio y descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, teniendo como objetivo identifica el nivel del conocimiento de la comunidad de Brasilit, referente los riesgos y a las ventajas del uso de las plantas medicinales y del fitoterapicos (forma del logro, de la preservación y de la preparación de los remedios), teniendo como objetivo prevenir el uso inadecuado y la mismo-medicación para esta población. La muestra será definida por los criterios no probabilisticos constituidos por los hombres y las mujeres residentes en la comunidad, que desea participar espontáneo de esta investigación. Para la recogida de datos un cuestionario será utilizado que después eso será iniciado el proceso del análisis. Para esto, los datos serán tabulados y recibirán el tratamiento estadístico elemental, siendo agrupado y presentado en los gráficos, las tablas y los cuadros que frecuencia será demostrada en valores del porcentaje. Palabras clave: Conocimiento; Riesgo; Plantas Medicinales; Fitoterapicos.

scholarly journals The Operation Modes of E/E/PE System and Their Influence on Determining and Verifying the Safety Integrity Level

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-298
Author(s):  
Tomasz Barnert ◽  
Kazimierz Kosmowski ◽  
Marcin Śliwiński
Keyword(s):  
High Demand ◽  
Related Function ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Safety Integrity Level ◽  
Operation Modes ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Average Probability ◽  
Quantitative Verification ◽  
Probabilistic Criteria

The Operation Modes of E/E/PE System and Their Influence on Determining and Verifying the Safety Integrity Level The standard PN-EN 61508 introduces some probabilistic criteria for the E/E/PE systems that can operate in different modes of operation, which are related to the safety integrity level (SIL). For the control and protection systems, operating in a low demand mode, the criterion is the average probability of dangerous failure on demand PFDavg. In case of systems working in a continuous mode of operation or high demand, the criterion is probability of dangerous failure per hour PFH. In practice, the E/E/PE systems implement many safety-related functions (SRFs), which have different requirements for high and low demands. Thus, there is the problem with choosing proper probabilistic criterion for determining required SIL for a safety-related function to be implemented by these systems as well as in the process of quantitative verification of SIL for considered architectures.

The explanationist revolution in evidence law

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalia Amaya
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
The Core ◽  
Basic Distinction ◽  
Evidence Law ◽  
Fact Finding ◽  
Legal Proof ◽  
Probabilistic Criteria

According to Allen and Pardo, the field of evidence law has experienced a revolution -in Kuhn's sense- from probabilism to explanationism, which they identify with the relative plausibility theory. The explanationist revolution, argue Allen and Pardo, has placed explanationist -rather than probabilistic criteria- at the core of the fact-finding process and, in contrast to probabilism, has advanced a comparative understanding of the theory of legal proof. This paper develops an alternative interpretation of the explanationist revolution in evidence law. First, it elaborates on the concept of legal revolution and argues that it involves a kind of shift that is best characterized as a Hacking -rather than a Kuhnean- type of revolution and, thus, as an ‘emplacement’ instead of a ‘replacement’ revolution. Second, it claims that the shift from probabilism to explanationism involves a deep -genuinely revolutionary- change in the conception of rationality that is taken to govern the processes of evidence and legal proof. Other differences between probabilistim and explanationism, such as those mentioned by Allen and Pardo, are not central to the revolutionary shift, but rather emanate from this basic distinction. Last, it argues that the explanationist paradigm embraces, but cannot be reduced to, the relative plausibility theory; the identification of explanationism with the relative plausibility theory occludes the richness and possibilities harboured by the new, explanationist, paradigm.

scholarly journals Safety of Nuclear Power Plants with Respect to the Fault Displacement Hazard

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3624
Author(s):  
Tamás János Katona
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Ground Displacement ◽  
Design Basis ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Fault Displacement ◽  
Probabilistic Criteria

The hazard of permanent ground displacements/deformations can challenge the safety of the nuclear power plants. Increasing knowledge of the hazard and development of methods for structure–fault–displacement interaction motivates the designing of nuclear power plants for permanent ground displacement instead of abandoning the sites that could be affected by this kind of hazard. For the design basis, permanent ground displacement should be defined at the hazard level that complies with the probabilistic criteria for accounting for the natural hazards in the design that also ensure compliance with probabilistic safety criteria. In this paper, a procedure is proposed for the definition of the design basis permanent ground displacement that is based on the deaggregation of seismic design basis hazard. The definition of the displacement for the margin evaluation is also proposed. The feasibility of safe design is also demonstrated for the proposed definition of design basis hazard via qualitative judgement on the sensitivity of the structures, systems and components ensuring the fundamental safety functions with respect to the permanent ground displacement that is supported by existing case studies.

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