The Effect of Leadership and Motivation in Measuring Accountability Using the Calibrating Public Accountability Model (CPA Model)

The use of school aid funds (BOS) must be accounted for by the beneficiary schools. The performance of a school can be judged by how good the accountability of the school is. The principal plays an important role in realizing accountability in the school he leads. The principal's leadership and motivation are factors that can encourage the achievement of good school accountability. This study aims to determine the effect of leadership and motivation in measuring accountability using the CPA (Calibrating Public Accountability Model) measurement model. The research method used is quantitative verification. The population in this study were all school principals in West Bandung Regency and Cimahi City with the sample technique using a simple random technique. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. Data analysis technique using PLS. The results showed that there was an effect of leadership on accountability, while motivation had no effect on accountability. Simultaneously leadership and motivation affect accountability.

Construction of the Influence Mechanism of Participation Motivation on Safety Behavior of Mountain Outdoor Sportsmen under Tobacco Control Environment

Objectives: With the development of mountain sports, there are more and more participants but frequent safety accidents mainlyvictimizing participants. And even caused forest fires because participants smoked. However, as the motivation of participants is the driving force of their actions, theimpact on their safety behavior will inevitably affect the safety of participants in outdoor sports.And if Mountain outdoor Sportsmen are smokers, their safe behavior may be more difficult to control without smoking. Methods: in this study, a qualitative analysis was conducted on 33 interview materials to explore the mechanism of influence of participation motivation of mountain enthusiasts on safety behaviors, and the logical deduction and connotation explanation were carried out based on existing theories. Results: (1) Tobacco control environment does not affect participants’ participation motivation, so it does not affect participants’ safety behavior through participation motivation; (2) Mountain outdoor Sportsmen’ participation motivation has an impact on safety behavior; (3) Safety awareness is an intermediate variable of the influence of mountain outdoor Sportsmen’ participation in mountain outdoor sports on safety behavior; (4) Role clarity is the moderating variable of mountain outdoor sports participants’ influence on safety behavior. Conclusions: Smoking control environment cannot affect the safety behavior of mountain outdoor athletes through participation motivation, and there may be another mechanism, which needs to be further explored. The participation motivation of mountain outdoor sportsmen affected the safety behavior through the safety perception, but was moderated by Role clarity. And This mechanism needs further quantitative verification.

Imaging the emergence of bacterial turbulence: Phase diagram and transition kinetics

We experimentally study the emergence of collective bacterial swimming, a phenomenon often referred to as bacterial turbulence. A phase diagram of the flow of 3D Escherichia coli suspensions spanned by bacterial concentration, the swimming speed of bacteria, and the number fraction of active swimmers is systematically mapped, which shows quantitative agreement with kinetic theories and demonstrates the dominant role of hydrodynamic interactions in bacterial collective swimming. We trigger bacterial turbulence by suddenly increasing the swimming speed of light-powered bacteria and image the transition to the turbulence in real time. Our experiments identify two unusual kinetic pathways, i.e., the one-step transition with long incubation periods near the phase boundary and the two-step transition driven by long-wavelength instabilities deep inside the turbulent phase. Our study provides not only a quantitative verification of existing theories but also insights into interparticle interactions and transition kinetics of bacterial turbulence.

Quantitative Verification of Stochastic Regular Expressions

In this article, we introduce a probabilistic verification algorithm for stochastic regular expressions over a probabilistic extension of the Action based Computation Tree Logic (ACTL*). The main results include a novel model checking algorithm and a semantics on the probabilistic action logic for stochastic regular expressions (SREs). Specific to our model checking algorithm is that SREs are defined via local probabilistic functions. Such functions are beneficial since they enable to verify properties locally for sub-components. This ability provides a flexibility to reuse the local results for the global verification of the system; hence, the framework can be used for iterative verification. We demonstrate how to model a system with an SRE and how to verify it with the probabilistic action based logic and present a preliminary performance evaluation with respect to the execution time of the reachability algorithm.

Ensemble-based volcanic ash forecasts using satellite retrievals for quantitative verification

<p>Volcanic ash poses a significant hazard for aviation. If an ash cloud forms as result of an eruption, it forces a series of flight planning decisions that consider important safety and economic factors. These decisions are made using a combination of satellite retrievals and volcanic ash forecasts issued by Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres.  However, forecasts of ash hazard remain deterministic, and lack quantification of the uncertainty that arises from the estimation of eruption source parameters, meteorology and uncertainties within the dispersion model used to perform the simulations. Quantification of these uncertainties is fundamental and could be achieved by using ensemble simulations. Here, we explore how ensemble-based forecasts — performed using the Met Office dispersion model NAME — together with sequential satellite retrievals of ash column loading, may improve forecast accuracy and uncertainty characterization.</p><p>We have developed a new methodology to evaluate each member of the ensemble based on its agreement with the satellite retrievals available at the time. An initial ensemble is passed through a filter of verification metrics and compared with the first available set of satellite observations. Members far from the observations are rejected. The members within a limit of acceptability are used to resample the parameters used in the initial ensemble, and design a new ensemble to compare with the next available set of satellite observations. The filtering process and parameter resampling are applied whenever new satellite observations are available, to create new ensembles propagating forward in time, until all available observations are covered.</p><p>Although the method requires the run of many ensemble batches, and it is not yet suited for operational use, it shows how combining ensemble simulations and sequential satellite retrievals can be used to quantify confidence in ash forecasts. We demonstrate the method by applying it to the recent Raikoke (Kurii Islands, Russia) eruption, which occurred on the 22<sup>nd</sup> July 2019. Each ensemble consists of 1000 members and it is evaluated against 6-hourly HIMAWARI satellite ash retrievals.</p>

TRANSLATOR AND INTERPRETER TRAINING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: PROCEDURAL, TECHNICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS IN REMOTE TRAINING

The main focus of the study lies on the challenges in translation and interpreting university training in the changed environment of the COVID-19 pandemic. It reflects the significant changes in training and learning in Slovakia after shifting from campus-based training to remote training, investigating the key factors influencing the learning process of students from their perspective. Based on the results of a focus group discussion with students, their qualitative analysis and quantitative verification via an online survey at all Slovak universities that provide translation and interpreting study programme, three types of factor were identified. The first category – procedural factors – relates to the training process itself; technical factors relate to technical aspects and limitations influencing the education of students; and psychosocial factors reflect intra- and interpersonal aspects affecting students in either a positive or negative way. Investigation of these factors provides useful findings on the learning experience of students during the current crisis. Key words: university training, translation and interpreting, COVID-19, learning experience, remote training, students’ perspective