Mesocosm and Microcosm Bioassays to Examine Effects of Mine-Influenced Sediments on the Growth of Wild Rice (Zizania palustris L.)

Studies were conducted at Grand Rapids, MN, to determine the effect of giant burreed (Sparganium eurycarpumEngelm. # SPGEU) planted at 6, 12, and 24 corms/m2on wild rice (Zizania palustrisL. ‘K2′) growth and yield. Giant burreed, a spreading perennial, had shoot densities of 21, 29, and 42/m2at harvest for the 6, 12, and 24 corms/m2treatments, respectively. Wild rice yield and panicle number were reduced approximately 60% when giant burreed shoot density was 40/m2or higher when compared to the weed-free control. Giant burreed did not interfere with nutrient uptake of wild rice on a whole-plant basis, and increased N fertilizer application did not reduce losses in dry weight. Giant burreed reduced penetration of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from 2 to 35% in the wild rice canopy from the early tillering to the anthesis stage of wild rice development. In growth chamber studies, wild rice dry weight and panicle number were reduced by 46 and 65%, respectively, when wild rice was shaded for 12 weeks and compared to a full light treatment. Reduction of PAR penetration into the wild rice canopy appears to be the major mechanism of giant burreed interference with wild rice.

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Chemical Control of Giant Burreed (Sparganium eurycarpum) in Wild Rice (Zizania palustris)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00025422 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 294-298

Author(s):

Sharon A. Clay ◽

Ervin A. Oelke

Keyword(s):

Chemical Control ◽

Wild Rice ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Amine Salt ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Zizania Palustris ◽

Sparganium Eurycarpum

The response of giant burreed to bentazon, propanil, 2,4-D (amine salt), and 2,4-D plus crop oil (0.5% v/v) was evaluated at the 2-aerial-leaf stage of wild rice. Bentazon, 2,4-D, and 2,4-D plus crop oil at 1.1 kg/ha or more in 1984, and propanil and 2,4-D plus crop oil at 4.5 kg/ha in 1985 reduced giant burreed dry weight. Generally, herbicide rates above 1.1 kg/ha injured wild rice and reduced yields compared to weed-free controls. None of the study treatments resulted in effective giant burreed control without unacceptable injury to wild rice.

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Nonreciprocal Hybridization Failure in Crosses Between Annual Wild-Rice Species (Zizania palustris x Z. aquatica: Poaceae)

Systematic Botany ◽

10.2307/2419101 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 229 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Melvin R. Duvall ◽

David D. Biesboer

Keyword(s):

Wild Rice ◽

Zizania Palustris ◽

Wild Rice Species

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Interaction of Temperature and Moisture on Infection of Wild Rice by Bipolaris oryzae in the Growth Chamber

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1997.81.10.1193 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 81 (10) ◽

pp. 1193-1195 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. A. Percich ◽

R. F. Nyvall ◽

D. K. Malvick ◽

C. L. Kohls

Keyword(s):

Wild Rice ◽

Period Length ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Optimum Temperature ◽

Dry Period ◽

Bipolaris Oryzae ◽

Flag Leaves ◽

Zizania Palustris

Infection of wild rice (Zizania palustris) flag leaves by Bipolaris oryzae was studied at temperatures of 5 to 35°C and wet periods of 2 to 36 h after inoculation. Lesion densities (lesions/cm2) increased with increasing wet periods depending on optimum temperature. High rates of infection occurred at 25 and 30°C and generally increased with continuous wet periods of 16, 18, 24, and 28 h. There were no lesions at 5°C and few at 10 and 35°C. Lesion densities declined when wet periods of 2, 4, or 6 h were interrupted by dry periods of 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 h followed by a final 14 h of wetness. Lesion densities decreased at all temperatures with increased dry periods regardless of the initial wet period. The interaction of dry period length × wet period length × temperature was significant at the 0.5% level. With continuous wet periods, lesion numbers were highest at 25 to 30°C.

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Common Waterplantain (Alisma triviale) Interference with Wild Rice (Zizania palustris)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500026072 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 10-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. K. Ransom ◽

E. A. Oelke

Keyword(s):

Wild Rice ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Yield Component ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Zizania Palustris ◽

Number Of Seeds

Three cultivars of wild rice (Zizania palustrisL.) were grown with various densities of common waterplantain (Alisma trivialePursh) established from seeds and from rootstocks during 1979 and 1980. Wild rice cultivars did not differ in their response to common waterplantain interference. Common waterplantain grown from seeds at densities up to 82/m2did not significantly reduce wild rice yield. Common waterplantain established from rootstocks significantly reduced wild rice yield at densities as low as 3/m2. A density of 43/m2reduced wild rice yield by 91%. The yield component most susceptible to interference from common waterplantain was panicles per plant. The number of seeds per panicle was reduced by densities as low as 11/m2and seed weight was reduced by densities of 22/m2or greater. Only a density of 43/m2reduced the stand of wild rice. Common waterplantain established from rootstocks at a density of 17 plants/m2did not reduce wild rice yield if removed by 7 weeks after planting. Interference from common waterplantain for 9 weeks or longer reduced wild rice yield by approximately 50%.

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Cultural Control of Common Waterplantain (Alisma triviale) in Wild Rice (Zizania palustris)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500069575 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 562-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joel K. Ransom ◽

Ervin A. Oelke

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Wild Rice ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cultural Control ◽

Burial Depth ◽

Rice Seed ◽

Zizania Palustris ◽

Grand Rapids ◽

Water Depths

Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of water depth, fall flooding, and burial depth on the development of common waterplantain (Alisma trivialePursh. # ALSPA) in wild rice (Zizania palustrisL.). The optimum water depths for common waterplantain from corms were 20 cm when grown outside in submerged pots at St. Paul and 2 and 15 cm when grown in a sloping field at Grand Rapids. Growth of common waterplantain from seeds was maximum at the lowest water depths (2 to 7 cm) at both locations. Wild rice dry weight and seed yield in the same experiments were maximum at the 20- and 30-cm water depths at St. Paul and the 15- and 28-cm depths at Grand Rapids. The increased wild rice seed yield and dry weight at these depths was related to increased tiller production. Wild rice yield was similar at all water depths at Grand Rapids when grown with common waterplantain from corms at a density of 11 plants/m2. Water depths that decreased the effect of common waterplantain interference with wild rice, reduced wild rice yield. Establishment of common waterplantain from corms was maximum at the 5- and 15-cm depths and was severely reduced at the 0- and 30-cm soil depths in soils not flooded in the fall but flooded in the spring. Fall flooding killed all corms regardless of burial depth. Corm mortality under fall-flooded conditions may be due to the effects of ice-encasement.

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