Predicting attenuation of solar radiation (UV-B, UV-A and PAR) in waste stabilization ponds under Sahelian climatic conditions

Abstract This paper investigates the determined the required log reductions for human intestinal helminth eggs by waste stabilization ponds as simulation as assessing of mitigating health risk to satisfy practice WHO, 2006 guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in agriculture (≤ 0.1 helminth egg/L) to protect the health of children under 15 years was the development of MATLAB, a computer program based waste stabilization ponds design based on parameter uncertainty and 10,000-trial Monte Carlo simulations were developed for a series of anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds based on 95%-ile of effluent (≤ 0.1 helminth egg/L) which the result in a health-based target. Whereas the influent of the helminth eggs (Nematode) was (932.500 eggs/L). While the treatment provided (100 % reduction/removal) for the overall treatment process with total hydraulic retention time in climatic conditions of Libya it took 36.207 days in the anaerobic pond, facultative pond, first maturation pond and one of the subsequent maturation pond.

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Process design of waste stabilization ponds at high altitude in Bolivia

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0668 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 42 (10-11) ◽

pp. 307-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Juanico ◽

H. Weinberg ◽

N. Soto

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Oxygen Pressure ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Oxygen Solubility ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Important Conclusion ◽

Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽

Stabilization Ponds ◽

Waste Stabilization

The Altiplano, located at 15°–20°S, has an altitude of about 4000 m above sea level which determines extreme climatic conditions that may affect the performance of stabilization ponds: strong solar radiation due to a thin atmosphere of rarefied, clean, dry air; low mean temperatures of water and air; strong differences in temperature between day and night; low oxygen pressure. The oxygen pressure at 4000 m altitude is only 60% of that at sea level. However, lower water temperatures increase oxygen solubility in water compensating for the effect of altitude in the actual concentration of dissolved oxygen in water. Lack of oxygen is not a crucial limiting factor for sewage treatment at high altitudes. Anaerobic ponds are effective in the Altiplano, in spite of the low water temperatures (7–9°C). Design criteria for WSP at different altitudes in Bolivia are presented. An important conclusion with social connotations is that the communities of the Altiplano will need to construct waste stabilization ponds which are 3–5 times larger (and more expensive) than those of the “Los Llanos”.

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Performance Evaluation of Pilot Waste Stabilization Ponds in Subtropical Region

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1992.0615 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 26 (7-8) ◽

pp. 1717-1728 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. A. Khan ◽

S. I. Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Fecal Coliform ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

University Campus ◽

Subtropical Region ◽

Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽

Stabilization Ponds ◽

Waste Stabilization

This research investigation was aimed at demonstrating the technical feasibility of facultative waste stabilization ponds under the climatic conditions of subtropical region. A pilot plant was designed and constructed at the Karachi University Campus for the treatment of domestic wastewater. An intensive analytical programme was followed for ten months for evaluating performance efficiency of the facultative ponding system. The algal-bacterial symbiotic system performed satisfactorily and provided effluent with total BOD5 ranging between 26-76 mg/L, total COD ranging between 59-197 mg/L, TKN ranging between 5.35-47.82 mg/L, NH3-N ranging between 0.23-28.98 mg/L, and PO4-P between 1.41-6.76 mg/L. The maximum efficiency achieved for the removal of coliform, fecal coliform and fecal streptococci was 99.99%. The study demonstrated that high BOD5 loading of 507 kg/ha d was possible without deteriorating the quality of performance. It was particularly observed that wind velocity had a pronounced effect on the overall efficiency of the system. It was concluded that facultative ponding system is strongly feasible for this part of the world for the treatment of wastewater.

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Pour-flush toilets and waste stabilization ponds in a refugee camp

Waterlines ◽

10.3362/0262-8104.1989.018 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 2-4

Author(s):

Leo Glensvig ◽

Dorte Glensvig

Keyword(s):

Refugee Camp ◽

Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽

Stabilization Ponds ◽

Waste Stabilization

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Technical Brief No.10: Waste stabilization ponds

Waterlines ◽

10.3362/0262-8104.2004.035 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 15-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽

Stabilization Ponds ◽

Waste Stabilization

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Rotavirus removal in experimental waste stabilization pond systems with different geometries and configurations

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0497 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 285-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. I. Oragui ◽

H. Arridge ◽

D. D. Mara ◽

H. W. Pearson ◽

S. A. Silva

Keyword(s):

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Slow Process ◽

Faecal Coliforms ◽

Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽

Stabilization Pond ◽

Waste Stabilization Pond ◽

Stabilization Ponds ◽

Waste Stabilization

Rotavirus removal in waste stabilization ponds is a relatively slow process: in a series of ten ponds (a 1-d anaerobic pond followed by nine 2-d ponds) its numbers were reduced from 1.4 × 105 per litre to zero, and in an “innovative” series (a 1-day anaerobic pond, 3-d facultative pond, 3.8-d, 3-d and 5-d maturation ponds) from 5.1 × 104 per litre to <5 per litre. Faecal coliforms were better indicators of rotaviruses than was Clostridium perfringens .

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Waste stabilization ponds in France: a report on fifteen years experience

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0465 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 91-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Y. Racault ◽

C. Boutin ◽

A. Seguin

Keyword(s):

Load Level ◽

Organic Load ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽

Sewerage System ◽

System Type ◽

Stabilization Ponds ◽

Waste Stabilization ◽

Output Load

In 1992, a survey was conducted on the performance of waste stabilization ponds in France. The data selected come from a sample of 178 ponds, with an average capacity of 600 p.e., throughout France. For each plant, one or several input--output load measurements over a 24-h period are available. The average organic load level received is approximately 25 kg BOD/ha.d, representing 50% of the nominal load. The quality of the treated water is presented based on the type of sewerage system feeding the ponds. The results appear dispersed, however; in 70% of the cases the concentrations in COD and BOD on filtered samples are under 120 mg/l and 40 mg/l, respectively, and the concentration in TSS under 120 mg/l (discharge standards in France for waste stabilization ponds). The reductions in nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are on average from 60% to 70%. The influence of different parameters (sewerage system type, organic load, season, age of plant, etc.) was studied. The results appear noticeably worse when the ponds receive wastewater from a strictly separate sewerage system.

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