Dynamics of soil extractable carbon and nitrogen under different cover crop residues

Atmospheric nitrogen biologically reduced in legumes root nodule and accumulated in their postharvest residues may be of great importance as a source of this macronutrient for succeeding crops. The aim of the study was to determine nitrogen uptake by winter triticale from pea postharvest residues, including N fixed from atmosphere, using in the study fertilizer enriched with the 15N isotope. Triticale was grown without nitrogen fertilization at sites where the forecrops had been two pea cultivars (multi-purpose and field pea) and, for comparison, spring barley. The triticale crop succeeding pea took up more nitrogen from the soil (59.1%) and less from the residues of the forecrop (41.1%). The corresponding values where the forecrop was barley were 92.1% and 7.9%. In the triticale, the percentage of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere, introduced into the soil with pea crop residues amounted to 23.8%. The amounts of nitrogen derived from all sources in the entire biomass of triticale plants grown after harvesting of pea were similar for both pea cultivars. The cereal took up more nitrogen from all sources, when the soil on which the experiment was conducted had higher content of carbon and nitrogen and a greater amount of N was introduced with the pea residues. Nitrogen from pea residues had high availability for winter triticale as a succeeding crop cultivated on sandy soils.

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Carbon and Nitrogen Release from Legume Crop Residues for Three Subsequent Crops

Soil Science Society of America Journal ◽

10.2136/sssaj2015.05.0198 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 79 (6) ◽

pp. 1650-1659 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Newton Z. Lupwayi ◽

Yoong K. Soon

Keyword(s):

Crop Residues ◽

Nitrogen Release ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Legume Crop

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Remediation of degraded arable steppe soils in Moldova using vetch as green manure

Solid Earth ◽

10.5194/se-6-609-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 609-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. Wiesmeier ◽

M. Lungu ◽

R. Hübner ◽

V. Cerbari

Keyword(s):

Cover Crop ◽

Belowground Biomass ◽

Relative Increase ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Arable Soils ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Cover Cropping ◽

Arable Farming ◽

The Republic ◽

Continental Climate

Abstract. In the Republic of Moldova, non-sustainable arable farming led to severe degradation and erosion of fertile steppe soils (Chernozems). As a result, the Chernozems lost about 40% of their initial amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC). The aim of this study was to remediate degraded arable soils and promote carbon sequestration by implementation of cover cropping and green manuring in Moldova. Thereby, the suitability of the legume hairy vetch (Vicia sativa) as cover crop under the dry continental climate of Moldova was examined. At two experimental sites, the effect of cover cropping on chemical and physical soil properties as well as on yields of subsequent main crops was determined. The results showed a significant increase of SOC after incorporation of hairy vetch mainly due to increases of aggregate-occluded and mineral-associated OC. This was related to a high above- and belowground biomass production of hairy vetch associated with a high input of carbon and nitrogen into arable soils. A calculation of SOC stocks based on equivalent soil masses revealed a sequestration of around 3 t C ha−1yr−1 as a result of hairy vetch cover cropping. The buildup of SOC was associated with an improvement of the soil structure as indicated by a distinct decrease of bulk density and a relative increase of macroaggregates at the expense of microaggregates and clods. As a result, yields of subsequent main crops increased by around 20%. Our results indicated that hairy vetch is a promising cover crop to remediate degraded steppe soils, control soil erosion and sequester substantial amounts of atmospheric C in arable soils of Moldova.

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Soil Carbon and Nitrogen under Bioenergy Forage Sorghum Influenced by Cover Crop and Nitrogen Fertilization

age ◽

10.2134/age2018.03.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Upendra M. Sainju ◽

Hari P. Singh ◽

Bharat P. Singh ◽

Anuj Chiluwal ◽

Rajesh Paudel

Keyword(s):

Soil Carbon ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Soil Carbon And Nitrogen

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Evaluation of the Agronomic Performance of Organic Processing Tomato as Affected by Different Cover Crop Residues Management

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9090504 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 504 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abou Chehade ◽

Antichi ◽

Martelloni ◽

Frasconi ◽

Sbrana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Nitrogen Availability ◽

Crop Residues ◽

N Uptake ◽

Total Yield ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Processing Tomato ◽

No Till

No-till practices reduce soil erosion, conserve soil organic carbon, and enhance soil fertility. Yet, many factors could limit their adoption in organic farming. The present study investigated the effects of tillage and cover cropping on weed biomass, plant growth, yield, and fruit quality of an organic processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L. var. Elba F1) over two seasons (2015–2017). We compared systems where processing tomato was transplanted on i) tilled soil following or not a winter cover crop (Trifolium squarrosum L.) and with/without a biodegradable plastic mulch; and ii) no-till where clover was used, after rolling and flaming, as dead mulch. Tomato in no-till suffered from high weed competition and low soil nitrogen availability leading to lower plant growth, N uptake, and yield components with respect to tilled systems. The total yield in no-till declined to 6.8 and 18.3 t ha−1 in 2016 and 2017, respectively, with at least a 65% decrease compared to tilled clover-based systems. No evidence of growth-limiting soil compaction was noticed but a slightly higher soil resistance was in the no-till topsoil. Tillage and cover crop residues did not significantly change tomato quality (pH, total soluble solids, firmness). The incorporation of clover as green manure was generally more advantageous over no-till. This was partly due to the low performance of the cover crop where improvement may limit the obstacles (i.e., N supply and weed infestation) and enable the implementation of no-till in organic vegetable systems.

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Soil carbon and nitrogen data during eight years of cover crop and compost treatments in organic vegetable production

Data in Brief ◽

10.1016/j.dib.2020.106481 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 106481

Author(s):

Kathryn E. White ◽

Eric B. Brennan ◽

Michel A. Cavigelli

Keyword(s):

Soil Carbon ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Soil Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Organic Vegetable Production

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Study of C, N, P and K Release from Residues of Newly Proposed Cover Crops in a Spanish Olive Grove

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10071041 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1041 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antonio Rodríguez-Lizana ◽

Miguel Ángel Repullo-Ruibérriz de Torres ◽

Rosa Carbonell-Bojollo ◽

Manuel Moreno-García ◽

Rafaela Ordóñez-Fernández

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Brachypodium Distachyon ◽

Nutrient Release ◽

Grab Sampling ◽

P Release ◽

Olive Groves ◽

C And N

Cover crops (CC)s are increasingly employed by farmers in olive groves. Spontaneous soil cover is the most commonly used CC. Its continuous utilization changes ruderal flora. It is necessary to study new CCs. Living CCs provide C and nutrients to soil during decomposition. Information on this issue in olive groves is scarce. A 4-year field study involving grab sampling of Brachypodium distachyon, Sinapis alba and spontaneous CC residues was conducted to study C and nutrient release from cover crop residues. Throughout the decomposition cycles, C, N and P release accounted for 40 to 58% of the C, N and P amounts in the residues after mowing. Most K was released (80–90%). Expressed in kg per hectare, the release of C and N in Brachypodium (C: 4602, N: 181, P: 29, K: 231) and Sinapis (C: 4806, N: 152, P: 18, K: 195) was greater than that in spontaneous CC (C: 3115, N: 138, P: 21, K: 256). The opposite results were observed for K. The Rickman model, employed to estimate the amount of C, N and P in residues, yielded a good match between the simulated and measured values. In comparison to spontaneous CC, the newly proposed CCs have a higher potential to provide soil with C and N.

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