Medicinal parasitic plants on diverse hosts with their usages and barcodes

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nantiya Kwanda ◽  
Kowit Noikotr ◽  
Runglawan Sudmoon ◽  
Tawatchai Tanee ◽  
Arunrat Chaveerach
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
John Kuo ◽  
John S. Pate

Our understanding of nutrient transfer between host and flowering parasitic plants is usually based mainly on physiological concepts, with little information on haustorial structure related to function. The aim of this paper is to study the haustorial interface and possible pathways of water and solute transfer between a number of host and parasites.Haustorial tissues were fixed in glutaraldehyde and embedded in glycol methacrylate (LM), or fixed in glutaraldehyde then OsO4 and embedded in Spurr’s resin (TEM).Our study shows that lumen to lumen continuity occurs between tracheary elements of a host and four S.W. Australian species of aerial mistletoes (Fig. 1), and some root hemiparasites (Exocarpos spp. and Anthobolus foveolatus) (Fig. 2). On the other hand, haustorial interfaces of the root hemiparasites Olax phyllanthi and Santalum (2 species) are comprised mainly of parenchyma, as opposed to terminating tracheads or vessels, implying that direct solution transfer between partners via vessels or tracheary elements may be limited (Fig. 3).


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Eva María Córdoba ◽  
Mónica Fernández-Aparicio ◽  
Clara Isabel González-Verdejo ◽  
Carmela López-Grau ◽  
María del Valle Muñoz-Muñoz ◽  
...  

The dodders (Cuscuta spp.) are parasitic plants that feed on the stems of their host plants. Cuscuta campestris is one of the most damaging parasitic plants for the worldwide agricultural production of broad-leaved crops. Its control is limited or non-existent, therefore resistance breeding is the best alternative both economically and environmentally. Common vetch (Vicia sativa) and bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) are highly susceptible to C. campestris, but no resistant genotypes have been identified. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify in V. sativa and V.ervilia germplasm collections genotypes resistant to C. campestris infection for use in combating this parasitic plant. Three greenhouse screening were conducted to: (1) identify resistant responses in a collection of 154 accessions of bitter vetch and a collection of 135 accessions of common vetch genotypes against infection of C. campestris; (2) confirm the resistant response identified in common vetch accessions; and (3) characterize the effect of C. campestris infection on biomass of V. sativa resistant and susceptible accessions. Most common vetch and bitter vetch genotypes tested were susceptible to C. campestris. However, the V. sativa genotype Vs.1 exhibited high resistance. The resistant phenotype was characterized by a delay in the development of C. campestris posthaustorial growth and a darkening resembling a hypersensitive-like response at the penetration site. The resistant mechanism was effective in limiting the growth of C. campestris as the ratio of parasite/host shoot dry biomass was more significantly reduced than the rest of the accessions. To the best or our knowledge, this is the first identification of Cuscuta resistance in V. sativa genotypes.


2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 643-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Yoshida ◽  
Songkui Cui ◽  
Yasunori Ichihashi ◽  
Ken Shirasu
Keyword(s):  

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.R Madibela ◽  
M Letso ◽  
W.S Boitumelo ◽  
M Masedi ◽  
K Alton

2009 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mie Kubo ◽  
Hiroaki Ueda ◽  
Pyoyun Park ◽  
Masayoshi Kawaguchi ◽  
Yukihiro Sugimoto

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth K. Phoenix ◽  
Malcolm C. Press

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Matvienko ◽  
Angela Wojtowicz ◽  
Russell Wrobel ◽  
Denneal Jamison ◽  
Yaakov Goldwasser ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edison CARDONA-MEDINA ◽  
Sandra Bibiana MURIEL RUIZ

<p>Root parasitic plants can be facultative or obligate. Facultative parasites are able to complete their life cycle and their seeds can germinate without a host. <em>Escobedia</em> <em>grandiflora</em> is a poorly studied species in spite of its ancestral importance as dye of foods and medicinal use. The present study evaluates the states of seed, seedlings and mature plants, under presence and absence of possible hosts, for inferring the type of parasitism exhibited by <em>E. grandiflora</em>. Seeds were evaluated using two conditions each of light (12 and 0 hours) and temperature (20 ºC and 25 ºC); percentage germination, and germination speed were determined. The seeds did not require a host to germinate, as is typical of facultative parasitic plants.  Percentage of germination varied between 66 % and 85.3 % and was not affected by light or temperature although germination speed was greater at 25 ºC. Larger seeds had a higher percentage of germination and produced larger seedlings. The seedlings planted without a host did not survive, while those planted with <em>Paspalum notatum</em> had a 45 % survival rate, demonstrating that this is a critical stage of development, even with a host. <em>Escobedia grandiflora</em> plants sowed with grasses began the reproductive stage at the 28<sup>th </sup>week, and those planted with <em>Pennisetum</em> <em>purpureum</em> showed better performance, expressed in more haustoria, higher dry matter of total plant, rhizome and aerial stems. Plants sowed alone lived for more than six months, but they did not produce flowers or fruits. According to the behavior of seedlings and plants, <em>E. grandiflora</em> is an obligate parasite. </p><p><strong>Germinación de semillas y desarrollo de plantas en <em>Escobedia</em> <em>grandiflora</em> (Orobanchaceae): ¿Evidencia de hemiparasitismo obligado?</strong></p><p> </p><p>Las plantas parásitas de raíces pueden ser facultativas u obligadas, las primeras pueden completar su ciclo de vida y sus semillas pueden germinar sin un hospedero. <em>Escobedia</em> <em>grandiflora</em> es una especie poco estudiada, a pesar de su importancia ancestral como colorante de alimentos y uso medicinal. Este estudio evaluó los estados de semilla, plántula y planta adulta, en presencia y ausencia de posibles hospederos para inferir sobre su tipo de parasitismo. En las semillas se evaluaron dos condiciones de luz (12 y 0 horas) y temperatura (20 ºC y 25 ºC), el porcentaje y velocidad de germinación. Las semillas no requirieron la presencia del hospedero para germinar. El porcentaje de germinación osciló entre 66 y 85,3 %  y no fue afectado por la luz o la temperatura, aunque la velocidad de germinación fue mayor a 25 ºC. Las semillas con mayor tamaño presentaron mayor porcentaje de germinación y produjeron plántulas más grandes. Las plántulas sembradas sin hospedero no sobrevivieron, mientras que las sembradas con <em>Paspalum notatum</em>, tuvieron una sobrevivencia del 45 %, evidenciando que este estado es crítico, aún con hospedero. Las plantas de <em>Escobedia grandiflora</em> sembradas con pastos, iniciaron la etapa reproductiva en la semana 28, y aquellas sembradas con <em>Pennisetum</em> <em>purpureum</em> presentaron más haustorios, y mayor materia seca en la planta total, rizoma y tallos aéreos. Las plantas sembradas solas vivieron más de seis meses, pero ellos no desarrollaron flores y ni frutos. Según el comportamiento de las plántulas y las plantas, <em>E. grandiflora</em> es parásita obligada.</p>


2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-995
Author(s):  
Jennifer Mach
Keyword(s):  

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tillich ◽  
Kirsten Krause
Keyword(s):  

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