Search for Resistant Genotypes to Cuscuta campestris Infection in Two Legume Species, Vicia sativa and Vicia ervilia

The dodders (Cuscuta spp.) are parasitic plants that feed on the stems of their host plants. Cuscuta campestris is one of the most damaging parasitic plants for the worldwide agricultural production of broad-leaved crops. Its control is limited or non-existent, therefore resistance breeding is the best alternative both economically and environmentally. Common vetch (Vicia sativa) and bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) are highly susceptible to C. campestris, but no resistant genotypes have been identified. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify in V. sativa and V.ervilia germplasm collections genotypes resistant to C. campestris infection for use in combating this parasitic plant. Three greenhouse screening were conducted to: (1) identify resistant responses in a collection of 154 accessions of bitter vetch and a collection of 135 accessions of common vetch genotypes against infection of C. campestris; (2) confirm the resistant response identified in common vetch accessions; and (3) characterize the effect of C. campestris infection on biomass of V. sativa resistant and susceptible accessions. Most common vetch and bitter vetch genotypes tested were susceptible to C. campestris. However, the V. sativa genotype Vs.1 exhibited high resistance. The resistant phenotype was characterized by a delay in the development of C. campestris posthaustorial growth and a darkening resembling a hypersensitive-like response at the penetration site. The resistant mechanism was effective in limiting the growth of C. campestris as the ratio of parasite/host shoot dry biomass was more significantly reduced than the rest of the accessions. To the best or our knowledge, this is the first identification of Cuscuta resistance in V. sativa genotypes.

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Molecular Dialog Between Parasitic Plants and Their Hosts

Annual Review of Phytopathology ◽

10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 279-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Christopher R. Clarke ◽

Michael P. Timko ◽

John I. Yoder ◽

Michael J. Axtell ◽

James H. Westwood

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Host Plants ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Parasitic Plants ◽

Transcriptomic Data ◽

Plant Parasitism ◽

Body Of Knowledge ◽

Plant Pathogen Interactions

Parasitic plants steal sugars, water, and other nutrients from host plants through a haustorial connection. Several species of parasitic plants such as witchweeds ( Striga spp.) and broomrapes ( Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) are major biotic constraints to agricultural production. Parasitic plants are understudied compared with other major classes of plant pathogens, but the recent availability of genomic and transcriptomic data has accelerated the rate of discovery of the molecular mechanisms underpinning plant parasitism. Here, we review the current body of knowledge of how parasitic plants sense host plants, germinate, form parasitic haustorial connections, and suppress host plant immune responses. Additionally, we assess whether parasitic plants fit within the current paradigms used to understand the molecular mechanisms of microbial plant–pathogen interactions. Finally, we discuss challenges facing parasitic plant research and propose the most urgent questions that need to be answered to advance our understanding of plant parasitism.

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Scanning electron microscopy observations of pollen morphology in common vetch (Vicia sativa) subspecies

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859620001033 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Rui Dong ◽

Zhongjie Lu ◽

Zhengyu Yang ◽

Yanrong Wang ◽

Chao Chen

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Pollen Morphology ◽

Polar View ◽

Polar Axis ◽

Vicia Sativa ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Plant Phylogeny ◽

Axis Length ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract Common vetch (Vicia sativa) is an important forage and green manure crop that is widely cultivated around the world. However, the large number of subspecies and accessions of common vetch has made taxonomic research on this species difficult. Pollen morphology data can provide important evidence in the study of plant phylogeny. Therefore, in this research, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe seven morphological traits of pollens from 22 common vetch accessions, and residual maximum likelihood and pattern analysis was conducted. The results showed that the pollen grains of the 22 accessions were all monad pollen and the polar view revealed three-lobed circular and triangular shapes, while the equatorial view mainly revealed an oblate shape; only one accession showed an oblate spherical shape. All accessions were 3-zonocolporate and the colpus length extended close to the poles. The polar axis length was (19.39 ± 0.97)–(42.12 ± 0.76) μm and the equatorial axis length was (35.97 ± 1.27)–(45.25 ± 0.81) μm. We found that qualitative traits of pollen shape, aperture polar view and ornamentation were highly stable. Among them, polar axis length, equatorial axis length and colpus length and width had significant differences among the accessions. The ratios of the equatorial and polar axes had significant differences among the subspecies. This trait information could be used for the classification and identification of common vetch accessions and subspecies.

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Seed priming with chitosan alleviates salinity stress by improving germination and early growth parameters in common vetch (Vicia sativa)

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/788/1/012059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 788 (1) ◽

pp. 012059

Author(s):

N Odat ◽

A M Tawaha ◽

M Hasan ◽

Imran ◽

Amanullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Early Growth ◽

Vicia Sativa ◽

Common Vetch

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Rhizobium changzhiense sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of Vicia sativa L. in North China

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijsem.0.004724 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Junjie Zhang ◽

Shanshan Peng ◽

Mitchell Andrews ◽

Chunzeng Liu ◽

Yimin Shang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type Species ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Vicia Sativa ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type ◽

Gene Sequence Analysis ◽

Rhizobial Species ◽

Distinct Lineage ◽

Type Strains

Three fast-growing rhizobial strains isolated from effective nodules of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) were characterized using a polyphasic approach. All three strains were assigned to the genus Rhizobium on the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated atpD-recA genes separated the strains into a distinct lineage represented by WYCCWR 11279T, which showed average nucleotide identity values of 95.40 and 93.61 % with the most similar phylogenetic type strains of Rhizobium sophorae CCBAU 03386T and Rhizobium laguerreae FB TT, respectively. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness values between WYCCWR 11279T and the closest related type strains were less than 70 %. Therefore, a novel rhizobial species is proposed, Rhizobium changzhiense sp. nov., and strain WYCCWR 11279T (=HAMBI 3709T=LMG 31534T) is designated as the type strain for the novel species.

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Identification of novel drought-responsive miRNA regulatory network of drought stress response in common vetch (Vicia sativa)

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.1515/biol-2021-0109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1111-1121

Author(s):

Yongqun Zhu ◽

Qiuxu Liu ◽

Wenzhi Xu ◽

Li Yao ◽

Xie Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Protein Transport ◽

Target Genes ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Leguminous Plant ◽

Vicia Sativa ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Drought Treatment

Abstract Drought is among the most important natural disasters with severe effects on animals and plants. MicroRNAs are a class of noncoding RNAs that play a crucial role in plant growth, development, and response to stress factors, including drought. However, the microRNAs in drought responses in common vetch (Vicia sativa), an annual herbaceous leguminous plant commonly used for forage by including it in mixed seeding during winter and spring, have not been characterized. To explore the microRNAs’ response to drought in common vetch, we sequenced 10 small RNA (sRNA) libraries by the next-generation sequencing technology. We obtained 379 known miRNAs belonging to 38 families and 47 novel miRNAs. The two groups had varying numbers of differentially expressed miRNAs: 85 in the comparison group D5 vs C5 and 38 in the comparison group D3 vs C3. Combined analysis of mRNA and miRNA in the same samples under drought treatment identified 318 different target genes of 123 miRNAs. Functional annotation of the target genes revealed that the miRNAs regulate drought-responsive genes, such as leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase-encoding genes (LRR-RLKs), ABC transporter G family member 1 (ABCG1), and MAG2-interacting protein 2 (MIP2). The genes were involved in various pathways, including cell wall biosynthesis, reactive oxygen removal, and protein transport. The findings in this study provide new insights into the miRNA-mediated regulatory networks of drought stress response in common vetch.

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