scholarly journals Carrot Pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Haplotype C Detected in Symptomless Potato Plants in Finland

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Haapalainen ◽  
Satu Latvala ◽  
Marika Rastas ◽  
Jinhui Wang ◽  
Asko Hannukkala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

scholarly journals Development of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Procedure as a Sensitive and Rapid Method for Detection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ in Potatoes and Psyllids

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 899-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind Ravindran ◽  
Julien Levy ◽  
Elizabeth Pierson ◽  
Dennis C. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Lamp Method ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Amplification Procedure

This study reports the development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification procedure (LAMP) for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’, the bacterial causal agent of potato zebra chip (ZC) disease. The 16S rDNA gene of ‘Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum’ was used to design a set of six primers for LAMP PCR detection of the bacterial pathogen in potato plants and the psyllid vector. The advantage of the LAMP method is that it does not require a thermocycler for amplification or agarose gel electrophoresis for resolution. Positive LAMP results can be visualized directly as a precipitate. The LAMP strategy reported here reliably detected ‘Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum’ and the closely related species ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’, the causative agent of huanglongbing disease of citrus, in plant DNA extracts. Although not as sensitive as quantitative real-time PCR, LAMP detection was equivalent to conventional PCR in tests of ZC-infected potato plants from the field. Thus, the LAMP method shows strong promise as a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective method of detecting ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ pathogens in psyllids and field-grown potato plants and tubers.

scholarly journals Characterization and Epidemiological Significance of Potato Plants Grown from Seed Tubers Affected by Zebra Chip Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Henne ◽  
F. Workneh ◽  
A. Wen ◽  
J. A. Price ◽  
J. S. Pasche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

An emerging disease of potato in the United States, known as “Zebra Chip” or “Zebra Complex” (ZC), is increasing in scope and threatens to spread further. Here, we report on studies performed to understand the role of tuberborne ZC in the epidemiology of this disease. Depending on variety, up to 44% of ZC-affected seed tubers (ZCST) were viable, producing hair sprouts and weak plants. Chip discoloration in progeny tubers of ZCST was more severe than those from ZC-asymptomatic seed tubers but varied depending on whether progeny tubers or foliage were positive or negative for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’. A low percentage of greenhouse-grown plants produced by ZCST tested positive for ‘Ca. Liberibacter’. No adult potato psyllids became infective after feeding upon these plants but they did acquire ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ from field-grown plants produced by ZCST. Plants with new ZC infections near plants produced by ZCST were not significantly different from healthy plants, whereas plants affected with ZC from infectious potato psyllids had significantly more ZC infections near either plants produced by ZCST or healthy plants. We conclude that, in areas where ZC is currently established, plants produced by ZCST do not significantly contribute to ZC incidence and spread within potato fields.

scholarly journals Effects of Potato-Psyllid-Vectored ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Infection on Potato Leaf and Stem Physiology

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Wallis ◽  
A. Rashed ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
L. Paetzold ◽  
F. Workneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Potato Foliage ◽  
Lower Stem

The bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ is associated with zebra chip disease (ZC), a threat to potato production in North America and New Zealand. It is vectored by potato psyllids. Previous studies observed that ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ infection causes potato tubers to undergo ZC-symptom-associated shifts in physiology, such as increased levels of amino acids, sugars, and phenolics. However, little is known about how ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ infections caused by psyllid vector feeding may affect metabolism in potato foliage and stems. This study compared metabolism in potato plants fed upon by ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’-positive psyllids with potato plants not exposed to psyllids. Foliar levels of asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine, fructose, glucose, sucrose, a ferulic acid derivative, and quinic acid were lower in ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’-inoculated than noninfected plants. However, foliar levels of proline, serine, four phenolic compounds, and most terpenoids were greater in ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’-inoculated than noninfected plants. Upper stem levels of asparagine and aspartic acid, upper and lower stem levels of ellagitannins and most monoterpenoids, and lower stem level of sesquiterpenoids were greater in ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’-inoculated than noninfected plants. These results suggest that many defense-related terpenoid compounds might increase in plants which had psyllids inoculate ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’. This could impact progression and spread of ZC.

scholarly journals ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Titers in and Infection Effects on Potato Tuber Chemistry of Promising Germplasm Exhibiting Tolerance to Zebra Chip Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1573-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Wallis ◽  
J. E. Munyaneza ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
R. Novy ◽  
G. Bester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Responses ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Germplasm ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Selection Of

Long-term sustainable management of zebra chip (ZC) disease of potato requires development of tolerant or resistant germplasm. To this end, 283 potato varieties and breeding clones were infected with the ZC putative causal agent ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) by potato psyllid vector inoculations in 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013. Potato germplasm was then examined for development of fresh and fried ZC symptoms. Over multiple years 29 breeding clones exhibited little to no symptoms in freshly cut tuber slices, and five exhibited little to no symptoms in fried slices. These five presumed tolerant breeding clones were chosen for further screening to determine whether the lack of physiological responses to Lso infection was the cause of observed tolerance. To this end, tuber amino acid, sugar, and phenolic levels were compared between noninfected and Lso-infected plants. The five putative tolerant clones had less dramatic shifts in host physiology following Lso infection than the susceptible Atlantic cultivar. This suggested lack of host responses to Lso infection that result in major changes in tuber biochemistry is a potential mechanism of ZC resistance. However, the susceptible Atlantic cultivar did have consistently greater Lso titers compared with two of the tolerant entries, so for these reductions in Lso pathogen progression also might be a factor. Regardless, lack of host responses could still remain one trait that could be used to aid in selection of ZC-resistant potato varieties, as other tolerant lines had infection levels consistent with susceptible Atlantic cultivar. These results also suggest that germplasm derived from relatives of cultivated potato plants are viable sources of ZC disease resistance.

Differences in Zebra Chip Severity between ‘Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum’ Haplotypes in Texas

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Harrison ◽  
Cecilia Tamborindeguy ◽  
Douglas C. Scheuring ◽  
Azucena Mendoza Herrera ◽  
Adrian Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

scholarly journals Identification of Autophagy-Related Genes in the Potato Psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli and Their Expression Profile in Response to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum’ in the Gut

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Xiao-Tian Tang ◽  
Cecilia Tamborindeguy
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profile ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Expression Profile Analysis ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

Autophagy, also known as type II programmed cell death, is a cellular mechanism of “self-eating”. Autophagy plays an important role against pathogen infection in numerous organisms. Recently, it has been demonstrated that autophagy can be activated and even manipulated by plant viruses to facilitate their transmission within insect vectors. However, little is known about the role of autophagy in the interactions of insect vectors with plant bacterial pathogens. ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) is a phloem-limited Gram-negative bacterium that infects crops worldwide. Two Lso haplotypes, LsoA and LsoB, are transmitted by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli and cause damaging diseases in solanaceous plants (e.g., zebra chip in potatoes). Both LsoA and LsoB are transmitted by the potato psyllid in a persistent circulative manner: they colonize and replicate within psyllid tissues. Following acquisition, the gut is the first organ Lso encounters and could be a barrier for transmission. In this study, we annotated autophagy-related genes (ATGs) from the potato psyllid transcriptome and evaluated their expression in response to Lso infection at the gut interface. In total, 19 ATGs belonging to 17 different families were identified. The comprehensive expression profile analysis revealed that the majority of the ATGs were regulated in the psyllid gut following the exposure or infection to each Lso haplotype, LsoA and LsoB, suggesting a potential role of autophagy in response to Lso at the psyllid gut interface.

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