scholarly journals Identification of Autophagy-Related Genes in the Potato Psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli and Their Expression Profile in Response to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum’ in the Gut

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Xiao-Tian Tang ◽  
Cecilia Tamborindeguy
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profile ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Expression Profile Analysis ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

Autophagy, also known as type II programmed cell death, is a cellular mechanism of “self-eating”. Autophagy plays an important role against pathogen infection in numerous organisms. Recently, it has been demonstrated that autophagy can be activated and even manipulated by plant viruses to facilitate their transmission within insect vectors. However, little is known about the role of autophagy in the interactions of insect vectors with plant bacterial pathogens. ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) is a phloem-limited Gram-negative bacterium that infects crops worldwide. Two Lso haplotypes, LsoA and LsoB, are transmitted by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli and cause damaging diseases in solanaceous plants (e.g., zebra chip in potatoes). Both LsoA and LsoB are transmitted by the potato psyllid in a persistent circulative manner: they colonize and replicate within psyllid tissues. Following acquisition, the gut is the first organ Lso encounters and could be a barrier for transmission. In this study, we annotated autophagy-related genes (ATGs) from the potato psyllid transcriptome and evaluated their expression in response to Lso infection at the gut interface. In total, 19 ATGs belonging to 17 different families were identified. The comprehensive expression profile analysis revealed that the majority of the ATGs were regulated in the psyllid gut following the exposure or infection to each Lso haplotype, LsoA and LsoB, suggesting a potential role of autophagy in response to Lso at the psyllid gut interface.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Physalis longifolia (Solanales: Solanaceae) to Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2595-2603
Author(s):  
Cesar A Reyes Corral ◽  
W Rodney Cooper ◽  
David R Horton ◽  
Alexander V Karasev
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Major Pest

Abstract The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), is a major pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.; Solanales: Solanaceae) as a vector of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’, the pathogen that causes zebra chip. Management of zebra chip is challenging in part because the noncrop sources of Liberibacter-infected psyllids arriving in potato remain unknown. Adding to this challenge is the occurrence of distinct genetic haplotypes of both potato psyllid and Liberibacter that differ in host range. Longleaf groundcherry (Physalis longifolia Nutt.) has been substantially overlooked in prior research as a potential noncrop source of Liberibacter-infected B. cockerelli colonizing fields of potato. The objective of this study was to assess the suitability of P. longifolia to the three common haplotypes of B. cockerelli (central, western, and northwestern haplotypes), and to two haplotypes of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ (Liberibacter A and B haplotypes). Greenhouse bioassays indicated that B. cockerelli of all three haplotypes produced more offspring on P. longifolia than on potato and preferred P. longifolia over potato during settling and egg-laying activities. Greenhouse and field trials showed that P. longifolia was also highly susceptible to Liberibacter. Additionally, we discovered that infected rhizomes survived winter and produced infected plants in late spring that could then be available for psyllid colonization and pathogen acquisition. Results show that P. longifolia is susceptible to both B. cockerelli and ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ and must be considered as a potentially important source of infective B. cockerelli colonizing potato fields in the western United States.

scholarly journals Prevalence of ‘CandidatusLiberibacter solanacearum’ Haplotypes in Potato Tubers and Psyllid Vectors in Idaho From 2012 to 2018

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 2587-2591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Dahan ◽  
Erik J. Wenninger ◽  
Brandon D. Thompson ◽  
Sahar Eid ◽  
Nora Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Haplotype Distribution ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Tuber Disease

‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) is an uncultured, phloem-associated bacterium causing a severe tuber disease in potato called zebra chip (ZC). Seven haplotypes of Lso have been described in different hosts, with haplotypes A and B found associated with infections in potato and tomato. In the field, Lso is transmitted by the potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli), and between 2011 and 2015, a significant change in Lso haplotype prevalence was previously reported in Idaho: from exclusively A haplotype found in tested psyllids in 2012 to mainly B haplotype found in collected psyllids in 2015. However, prevalence of Lso haplotypes in Idaho was not analyzed in potato tubers exhibiting symptoms of ZC. To fill in this knowledge gap, prevalence of Lso haplotypes was investigated in potato tubers harvested in southern Idaho between 2012 and 2018, and it was found to change from exclusively A haplotype in the 2012 season to an almost equal A and B haplotype distribution during the 2016 season. During the same period, haplotype distribution of Lso in psyllid vectors collected using yellow sticky traps also changed, but in psyllids, the shift from A haplotype of Lso to B haplotype was complete, with no A haplotype detected in 2016 to 2018. The changes in the haplotype prevalence of the Lso circulating in potato fields in southern Idaho may be, among other factors, responsible for a decrease in the ZC incidence in Idaho potato fields between an outbreak of the disease in 2012 and a very low level of ZC afterward.

scholarly journals Relative Abundance of Potato Psyllid Haplotypes in Southern Idaho Potato Fields During 2012 to 2015, and Incidence of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Causing Zebra Chip Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Dahan ◽  
Erik J. Wenninger ◽  
Brandon Thompson ◽  
Sahar Eid ◽  
Nora Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Industry ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
South Central ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

Zebra chip (ZC) disease, a serious threat to the potato industry, is caused by the bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso). Five haplotypes (hapA to hapE) of this pathogen have been described so far in different crops, with only hapA and hapB being associated with ZC in potato. Both haplotypes are vectored and transmitted to a variety of solanaceaeous plants by the tomato/potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc). Psyllids are native to North America, and four haplotypes have been identified and named based on their predominant geographic association: Northwestern, Central, Western, and Southwestern. Although all psyllid haplotypes have been found in southern Idaho potato fields, data on relative haplotype abundances and dynamic changes in the fields over time have not previously been reported. Here, psyllid samples collected in Idaho potato fields from 2012 to 2015 were used to clarify spatial and temporal patterns in distribution and abundance of psyllid and Lso haplotypes. A shift from hapA toward hapB population of Lso was revealed during these four seasons, indicating possible evolution of Lso in Idaho fields. Although we confirmed that Western psyllids were the most abundant by far during the four seasons of observation, we also observed changes in abundance of other haplotypes, including increased diversity of psyllid haplotypes during 2015. Seasonal changes observed for the Northwestern and Central haplotypes could potentially be linked to psyllid migration and/or habitat changes. South-central Idaho exhibited more diversity in psyllid haplotypes than southwestern Idaho.

scholarly journals Colonization and Intrusive Invasion of Potato Psyllid by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Cicero ◽  
Tonja W. Fisher ◽  
Jawwad A. Qureshi ◽  
Philip A. Stansly ◽  
Judith K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Mature Adults ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Cell Cytosol ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Bacterial Plant Pathogen ◽  
Successive Developmental Stage

Previous studies have shown that the fastidious bacterial plant pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (CLso) is transmitted circulatively and propagatively by the potato psyllid (PoP) Bactericera cockerelli. In this study, the temporal and spatial interrelationships between CLso PoP were investigated by scanning electron microscopy of the digestive system of PoP immature and adult instars and salivary glands of adults post CLso ingestion. CLso biofilms were not detectable on the outer midgut surface of the first and second instars; however, for third to fifth instars and teneral and mature adults, biofilms were observed in increasing numbers in each successive developmental stage. In adult PoP midguts, CLso cells were observed between the basal lamina and basal epithelial cell membranes; in basal laminar perforations, on the outer basal laminar surface, and in the ventricular lumen, epithelial cytosol, and filter chamber periventricular space. CLso were also abundantly visible in the salivary gland pericellular spaces and in the epidermal cell cytosol of the head. Collectively, these results point to an intrusive, systemic invasion of PoP by CLso that employs an endo/exocytosis-like mechanism, in the context of a propagative, circulative mode of transmission.

scholarly journals Investigation into the entry pathway for tomato potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Thomas ◽  
D.C. Jones ◽  
L.B. Kumarasinghe ◽  
J.E. Richmond ◽  
G.S.C. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Entry Pathway ◽  
Initial Investigation ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

The tomato potato psyllid (TPP) Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera Triozidae) was first notified to the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) in May 2006 although it has been suggested by several authors to have been present in New Zealand in 2005 MAF undertook an entry pathway analysis during the initial investigation into TPP in 2006 TPP is a vector of the bacteriumlike pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (liberibacter) and MAF further analysed the entry pathway of TPP during the liberibacter incursion response in 2008 This paper summarises the data and reasoning behind the conclusion that TPP was most plausibly introduced to New Zealand as a result of smuggling rather than through slippage on regulated pathways

scholarly journals Latent Period and Transmission of “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” by the Potato Psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e93475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesan G. Sengoda ◽  
W. Rodney Cooper ◽  
Kylie D. Swisher ◽  
Donald C. Henne ◽  
Joseph E. Munyaneza
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

scholarly journals Survival and reproduction of Liberibacterinfected tomato potato psyllid reared under cold environmental conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 440-440
Author(s):  
W.R.M. Sandanayaka ◽  
V.A. Davis ◽  
G.P. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Auckland Region ◽  
Volunteer Potatoes

The tomato potato psyllid (TPP Bactericera cockerelli) survives on volunteer potatoes growing in frostfree areas in winter in the Auckland region and therefore could transmit Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) to commercial crops The survival and oviposition of laboratoryreared Lsoinfected TPP were tested under four selected environmental conditions 1212 h lightdark at 10C; 1311 h lightdark at 12C; 1410 h lightdark at 14C; and 159 h lightdark at 16C on excised leaves from volunteer potatoes (grown in the field during winter) and tomato (grown in the glasshouse) One hundred pairs of adult TPP (10 pairs/leaf) were tested on either potato or tomato in each environmental condition for 7 days Survival of females on potato or tomato was not significantly different between photoperiod but remained unhatched in all tested temperatures Results revealed that Lsoinfected TPP could feed (as indicated by excretory droplets) oviposit and survive on volunteer potatoes in Auckland winterlike conditions and potentially transmit Lso to crops grown in these cooler months

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