Progress in membrane distillation crystallization: Process models, crystallization control and innovative applications

The membrane distillation (MD) process for water desalination is affected by temperature polarization, which reduces the driving force and the efficiency of the process. To counteract this phenomenon, spacer-filled channels are used, which enhance mixing and heat transfer but also cause higher pressure drops. Therefore, in the design of MD modules, the choice of the spacer is crucial for process efficiency. In the present work, different overlapped spacers are investigated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and results are compared with experiments carried out with thermochromic liquid crystals (TLC). Results are reported for different flow attack angles and for Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from ~200 to ~800. A good qualitative agreement between simulations and experiments can be observed for the areal distribution of the normalized heat transfer coefficient. Trends of the average heat transfer coefficient are reported as functions of Re for the geometries investigated, thus providing the basis for CFD-based correlations to be used in higher-scale process models.

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Vacuum membrane distillation–crystallization process of high ammonium salt solutions

Desalination and Water Treatment ◽

10.1080/19443994.2014.922499 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 368-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wen-Ting You ◽

Zhen-Liang Xu ◽

Zhe-Qin Dong ◽

Mi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Salt ◽

Crystallization Process ◽

Membrane Distillation ◽

Salt Solutions ◽

Vacuum Membrane Distillation

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Integrated membrane distillation–crystallization: Process design and cost estimations for seawater treatment and fluxes of single salt solutions

Desalination ◽

10.1016/j.desal.2013.02.013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 323 ◽

pp. 8-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Raymond Creusen ◽

Jolanda van Medevoort ◽

Mark Roelands ◽

Alex van Renesse van Duivenbode ◽

Jan Henk Hanemaaijer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Process Design ◽

Crystallization Process ◽

Membrane Distillation ◽

Salt Solutions ◽

Seawater Treatment

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Identifying suboptimalities with factorial model comparison

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18001541 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wei Ji Ma

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Model Comparison ◽

Process Models ◽

Multiple Forms ◽

Factorial Experimental Design ◽

Factorial Model ◽

Multiple Components ◽

The Many

AbstractGiven the many types of suboptimality in perception, I ask how one should test for multiple forms of suboptimality at the same time – or, more generally, how one should compare process models that can differ in any or all of the multiple components. In analogy to factorial experimental design, I advocate for factorial model comparison.

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