Effect of ABA treatment on the expression of ADH gene family and C6 volatile production in table grape (V. vinifera cv. Muscat Hamburg) during postharvest storage

The human class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene family consists of ADH1, ADH2, and ADH3, which are sequentially activated in early fetal, late fetal, and postnatal liver, respectively. Analysis of ADH promoters revealed differential activation by several factors previously shown to control liver transcription. In cotransfection assays, the ADH1 promoter, but not the ADH2 or ADH3 promoter, was shown to respond to hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF-1), which has previously been shown to regulate transcription in early liver development. The ADH2 promoter, but not the ADH1 or ADH3 promoter, was shown to respond to CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBP alpha), a transcription factor particularly active during late fetal liver and early postnatal liver development. The ADH1, ADH2, and ADH3 promoters all responded to the liver transcription factors liver activator protein (LAP) and D-element-binding protein (DBP), which are most active in postnatal liver. For all three promoters, the activation by LAP or DBP was higher than that seen by HNF-1 or C/EBP alpha, and a significant synergism between C/EBP alpha and LAP was noticed for the ADH2 and ADH3 promoters when both factors were simultaneously cotransfected. A hierarchy of ADH promoter responsiveness to C/EBP alpha and LAP homo- and heterodimers is suggested. In all three ADH genes, LAP bound to the same four sites previously reported for C/EBP alpha (i.e., -160, -120, -40, and -20 bp), but DBP bound strongly only to the site located at -40 bp relative to the transcriptional start. Mutational analysis of ADH2 indicated that the -40 bp element accounts for most of the promoter regulation by the bZIP factors analyzed. These studies suggest that HNF-1 and C/EBP alpha help establish ADH gene family transcription in fetal liver and that LAP and DBP help maintain high-level ADH gene family transcription in postnatal liver.

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Temporal expression of the human alcohol dehydrogenase gene family during liver development correlates with differential promoter activation by hepatocyte nuclear factor 1, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha, liver activator protein, and D-element-binding protein.

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.12.7.3023 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 3023-3031 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

C van Ooij ◽

R C Snyder ◽

B W Paeper ◽

G Duester

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Fetal Liver ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Liver Development ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor ◽

Enhancer Binding Protein ◽

Element Binding Protein ◽

Adh Gene ◽

Nuclear Factor 1

The human class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene family consists of ADH1, ADH2, and ADH3, which are sequentially activated in early fetal, late fetal, and postnatal liver, respectively. Analysis of ADH promoters revealed differential activation by several factors previously shown to control liver transcription. In cotransfection assays, the ADH1 promoter, but not the ADH2 or ADH3 promoter, was shown to respond to hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF-1), which has previously been shown to regulate transcription in early liver development. The ADH2 promoter, but not the ADH1 or ADH3 promoter, was shown to respond to CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBP alpha), a transcription factor particularly active during late fetal liver and early postnatal liver development. The ADH1, ADH2, and ADH3 promoters all responded to the liver transcription factors liver activator protein (LAP) and D-element-binding protein (DBP), which are most active in postnatal liver. For all three promoters, the activation by LAP or DBP was higher than that seen by HNF-1 or C/EBP alpha, and a significant synergism between C/EBP alpha and LAP was noticed for the ADH2 and ADH3 promoters when both factors were simultaneously cotransfected. A hierarchy of ADH promoter responsiveness to C/EBP alpha and LAP homo- and heterodimers is suggested. In all three ADH genes, LAP bound to the same four sites previously reported for C/EBP alpha (i.e., -160, -120, -40, and -20 bp), but DBP bound strongly only to the site located at -40 bp relative to the transcriptional start. Mutational analysis of ADH2 indicated that the -40 bp element accounts for most of the promoter regulation by the bZIP factors analyzed. These studies suggest that HNF-1 and C/EBP alpha help establish ADH gene family transcription in fetal liver and that LAP and DBP help maintain high-level ADH gene family transcription in postnatal liver.

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Functional Genomics Reveals That a Compact Terpene Synthase Gene Family Can Account for Terpene Volatile Production in Apple

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.112.208249 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 161 (2) ◽

pp. 787-804 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Niels J. Nieuwenhuizen ◽

Sol A. Green ◽

Xiuyin Chen ◽

Estelle J.D. Bailleul ◽

Adam J. Matich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Genomics ◽

Gene Family ◽

Terpene Synthase ◽

Volatile Production

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Recurrent single-gene duplication drives the expansion and expression diversification of the ADH gene family in pear and other Rosaceae species

10.21203/rs.2.16577/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Shaoling Zhang ◽

Weiwei Zeng ◽

Xin Qiao ◽

Qionghou Li ◽

Chunxin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Duplication ◽

Gene Family ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Gene Evolution ◽

Single Gene ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Fruit Species ◽

Rosaceae Species ◽

Adh Genes ◽

Adh Gene

Abstract Background Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are essential to plant growth and the formation of aromatic compounds in fruits. However, the evolutionary history and characteristics of ADH gene expression remain largely unclear in Chinese white pear ( Pyrus bretschneideri ) and other fruit species from the family Rosaceae.Results In this study, 464 ADH genes were identified in eight Rosaceae fruit species and 68 of the genes were from pear. Based on the analyses of phylogeny and conserved motifs, the pear ADH genes were classified into four subgroups (I, II, III, and IV). The chromosomal distribution of the genes was found to be uneven and numerous clusters of physically linked ADH genes were detected. Frequent single-gene duplication events were found to have contributed to the formation of ADH gene clusters and the expansion of the ADH gene family in these eight Rosaceae species. Purifying selection was the major force in ADH gene evolution. The younger genes derived from tandem and proximal duplications had evolved faster than those that derived from other types of duplication. RNA-sequencing and quantitative-real time-PCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of three ADH genes were closely correlated with the content of aromatic compounds that are found during fruit development.Conclusion Comprehensive analyses were conducted in eight Rosaceae species and 464 ADH genes were identified. The results of this study provide new insights into the evolution and expression characteristics of ADH family genes in pear and other Rosaceae species.

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Ripening and Postharvest Storage of Pawpaw

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.13.3.0439 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 439-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Douglas D. Archbold ◽

Rumphan Koslanund ◽

Kirk W. Pomper

Keyword(s):

Soluble Solids ◽

Postharvest Storage ◽

Immature Fruit ◽

Asimina Triloba ◽

Postharvest Handling ◽

Solids Content ◽

Modified Atmosphere Storage ◽

Atmosphere Storage ◽

Near Future ◽

Volatile Production

To facilitate the growth of a commercial pawpaw (Asimina triloba) industry, several problems with harvest and postharvest handling of fruit need to be resolved. Pawpaw fruit ripening is characterized by an increase in soluble solids content, fl esh softening, increased volatile production, and a loss of green color intensity. Within 3 days after harvest, ethylene and respiratory climacteric peaks are clearly evident. Softening of fruit is due to the action of at least four enzymes, with the softening proceeding from the surface to the interior tissue. Fruit on a single tree can ripen over a 2-week period, creating labor problems. When immature fruit is harvested it does not ripen, even if treated with ethephon at 1000 mg·L-1 (ppm), but the use of commercially available growth regulators both pre- and postharvest warrants further study. Fruit soften very rapidly at room temperature after harvest and have a 2-to 4-day shelf life. However, we have stored pawpaw fruit for 1 month at 4 °C (39.2 °F) with little change in fruit firmness and fruit apparently continue normal ripening upon removal to ambient temperature. The optimum temperature and duration for holding fruit will need to be determined. Further extension in pawpaw storage life may be feasible with controlled or modified atmosphere storage. Although there are a number of practical problems with pawpaw harvest and postharvest storage that need to be addressed, we hope to develop recommendations for harvest and handling of fruit in the near future.

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Patterns of genetic diversification within the Adh gene family in the grasses (Poaceae)

Molecular Biology and Evolution ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026198 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1086-1097 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

B. S. Gaut ◽

A. S. Peek ◽

B. R. Morton ◽

M. T. Clegg

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Adh Gene

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Copy Number Lability and Evolutionary Dynamics of the Adh Gene Family in Diploid and Tetraploid Cotton (Gossypium)

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/155.4.1913 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 155 (4) ◽

pp. 1913-1926 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Randall L Small ◽

Jonathan F Wendel

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Copy Number ◽

Evolutionary Dynamics ◽

Gene Copy Number ◽

Nuclear Gene ◽

Gene Families ◽

Gene Copy ◽

Tetraploid Cotton ◽

Gossypium Species ◽

Adh Gene

Abstract Nuclear-encoded genes exist in families of various sizes. To further our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of nuclear gene families we present a characterization of the structure and evolution of the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene family in diploid and tetraploid members of the cotton genus (Gossypium, Malvaceae). A PCR-based approach was employed to isolate and sequence multiple Adh gene family members, and Southern hybridization analyses were used to document variation in gene copy number. Adh gene copy number varies among Gossypium species, with diploids containing at least seven Adh loci in two primary gene lineages. Allotetraploid Gossypium species are inferred to contain at least 14 loci. Intron lengths vary markedly between loci, and one locus has lost two introns usually found in other plant Adh genes. Multiple examples of apparent gene duplication events were observed and at least one case of pseudogenization and one case of gene elimination were also found. Thus, Adh gene family structure is dynamic within this single plant genus. Evolutionary rate estimates differ between loci and in some cases between organismal lineages at the same locus. We suggest that dynamic fluctuation in copy number will prove common for nuclear genes, and we discuss the implications of this perspective for inferences of orthology and functional evolution.

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