Characterization of esters of fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids with Guerbet alcohols

2001 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Knothe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Guerbet Alcohols

Characterization of Organic Acids with Different Atmospheric Particle Sizes

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Xiang He ◽  
Feng Qian ◽  
Yao Li
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Octadecanoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Atmospheric Particle

Atmospheric particulate samples were collected during January, February, April and May 2012, separately. Twenty-one fatty acids and seven dicarboxylic acids were measured by GC-MS. The results show that average mass concentrations of fatty acids are 809.24ng/m³, 545.34ng/m³, 386.96ng/m³ and dicarboxylic acids are 215.14 ng/m³, 156.45 ng/m³, 111.43 ng/m³ in PM10, PM2.5, PM1, respectively. Fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids concentrate mainly in the PM1. C11-C24 of fatty acids exhibit a significant even carbon predominances, but dicarboxylic acids present no parity preponderance. In the fatty acids, the concentration of hexadecanoic acid is the highest with that of octadecanoic acid followed; Nonandioic acid is the highest in dicarboxylic acids. The results of source apportionments indicate that the fatty acids are mainly related with human activities. Coal burning for heating is the most important source in January and February, but its contribution decreases sharply in April and May for fatty acids; The main source of dicarboxylic acids is photochemical reactions.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of the CYP52 Family of Candida tropicalis ATCC 20336, Important for the Conversion of Fatty Acids and Alkanes to α,ω-Dicarboxylic Acids

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 5983-5991 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Craft ◽  
Krishna M. Madduri ◽  
Mark Eshoo ◽  
C. Ron Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Unique Genes

ABSTRACT Candida tropicalis ATCC 20336 excretes α,ω-dicarboxylic acids as a by-product when cultured on n-alkanes or fatty acids as the carbon source. Previously, a β-oxidation-blocked derivative of ATCC 20336 was constructed which showed a dramatic increase in the production of dicarboxylic acids. This paper describes the next steps in strain improvement, which were directed toward the isolation and characterization of genes encoding the ω-hydroxylase enzymes catalyzing the first step in the ω-oxidation pathway. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) and the accompanying NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase (NCP) constitute the hydroxylase complex responsible for the first and rate-limiting step of ω-oxidation of n-alkanes and fatty acids. 10 members of the alkane-inducible P450 gene family (CYP52) of C. tropicalis ATCC20336 as well as the accompanying NCP were cloned and sequenced. The 10 CYP genes represent four unique genes with their putative alleles and two unique genes for which no allelic variant was identified. Of the 10 genes, CYP52A13 and CYP52A14 showed the highest levels of mRNA induction, as determined by quantitative competitive reverse transcription-PCR during fermentation with pure oleic fatty acid (27-fold increase), pure octadecane (32-fold increase), and a mixed fatty acid feed, Emersol 267 (54-fold increase). The allelic pair CYP52A17 and CYP52A18 was also induced under all three conditions but to a lesser extent. Moderate induction of CYP52A12 was observed. These results identify the CYP52 and NCP genes as being involved in α,ω-dicarboxylic acid production by C. tropicalis and provide the foundation for biocatalyst improvement.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Solution Structure of Human Serum Albumin Loaded with a Metal Porphyrin and Fatty Acids

2011 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 2293-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias J.N. Junk ◽  
Hans W. Spiess ◽  
Dariush Hinderberger
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Solution Structure ◽  
Metal Porphyrin

Design and Characterization of Novel Dirhodium Coordination Polymers - The Impact of Ligand Size on Selectivity in Asymmetric Cyclopropanation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenzhong Li ◽  
Lorenz Roesler ◽  
Till Wissel ◽  
Hergen Breitzke ◽  
Kathrin Hofmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Ligand Exchange ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Asymmetric Cyclopropanation ◽  
The Impact

Three chiral dirhodium coordination polymers Rh2-Ln (n=1-3) have been synthesized via ligand exchange between dirhodium trifluoroacetate Rh2(TFA)4 and differently sized chiral dicarboxylic acids derived from L-tert-leucine. SEM images indicate that...

Characterization of Aeromonas genomic species by using quinone, polyamine, and fatty acid patterns

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 844-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kämpfer ◽  
Klaus Blasczyk ◽  
Georg Auling
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Genomic Species ◽  
Great Homogeneity ◽  
Hydroxylated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Study

A chemotaxonomic study was carried out on representative strains of 13 Aeromonas genomic species. Quinone, polyamine, and fatty acid patterns were found to be very useful for an improved characterization of the genus and an improved differentiation from members of the families Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae. The Q-8-benzoquinone was the predominant ubiquinone, and putrescine and diaminopropane were the major poly amines of the genus. The fatty acid patterns of 181 strains, all characterized by DNA–DNA hybridization, showed a great homogeneity within the genus, with major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16:0), hexadecenoic acid (16:1), and octadecenoic acid (18:1), and minor amounts of the hydroxylated fatty acids (3-OH 13:0, 2-OH 14:0, 3-OH 14:0) in addition to some iso and anteiso branched fatty acids (i-13:0, i-17:1, i-17:0, and a-17:0). Although some differences in fatty acid profiles between the genomic species could be observed, a clearcut differentiation of all species was not possible.Key words: Aeromonas, polyamines, quinones, fatty acids, differentiation.

Characterization of dicarboxylic acids in PM2.5 in Hong Kong

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Yao ◽  
Ming Fang ◽  
Chak K. Chan ◽  
K.F. Ho ◽  
S.C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids

scholarly journals Channeling of Eukaryotic Diacylglycerol into the Biosynthesis of Plastidial Phosphatidylglycerol

2006 ◽  
Vol 282 (7) ◽  
pp. 4613-4625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Fritz ◽  
Heiko Lokstein ◽  
Dieter Hackenberg ◽  
Ruth Welti ◽  
Mary Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Phosphatidic Acid ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco Plants ◽  
Tobacco Plants

Plastidial glycolipids contain diacylglycerol (DAG) moieties, which are either synthesized in the plastids (prokaryotic lipids) or originate in the extraplastidial compartment (eukaryotic lipids) necessitating their transfer into plastids. In contrast, the only phospholipid in plastids, phosphatidylglycerol (PG), contains exclusively prokaryotic DAG backbones. PG contributes in several ways to the functions of chloroplasts, but it is not known to what extent its prokaryotic nature is required to fulfill these tasks. As a first step toward answering this question, we produced transgenic tobacco plants that contain eukaryotic PG in thylakoids. This was achieved by targeting a bacterial DAG kinase into chloroplasts in which the heterologous enzyme was also incorporated into the envelope fraction. From lipid analysis we conclude that the DAG kinase phosphorylated eukaryotic DAG forming phosphatidic acid, which was converted into PG. This resulted in PG with 2–3 times more eukaryotic than prokaryotic DAG backbones. In the newly formed PG the unique Δ3-trans-double bond, normally confined to 3-trans-hexadecenoic acid, was also found in sn-2-bound cis-unsaturated C18 fatty acids. In addition, a lipidomics technique allowed the characterization of phosphatidic acid, which is assumed to be derived from eukaryotic DAG precursors in the chloroplasts of the transgenic plants. The differences in lipid composition had only minor effects on measured functions of the photosynthetic apparatus, whereas the most obvious phenotype was a significant reduction in growth.

scholarly journals III. Peroxisomal β-oxidation, PPARα, and steatohepatitis

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (6) ◽  
pp. G1333-G1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janardan K. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxidation Chain ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Oxidation System ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Peroxisomes are involved in the β-oxidation chain shortening of long-chain and very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, long-chain dicarboxylyl-CoAs, the CoA esters of eicosanoids, 2-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoAs, and the CoA esters of the bile acid intermediates, and in the process, they generate H2O2. There are two complete sets of β-oxidation enzymes present in peroxisomes, with each set consisting of three distinct enzymes. The classic PPARα-regulated and inducible set participates in the β-oxidation of straight-chain fatty acids, whereas the second noninducible set acts on branched-chain fatty acids. Long-chain and very-long-chain fatty acids are also metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 CYP4A ω-oxidation system to dicarboxylic acids that serve as substrates for peroxisomal β-oxidation. Evidence derived from mouse models of PPARα and peroxisomal β-oxidation deficiency highlights the critical importance of the defects in PPARα-inducible β-oxidation in energy metabolism and in the development of steatohepatitis.

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