Seismic processing and interpretation techniques provide important tools for the oil and gas exploration of the Songliao Basin in eastern China, which is dominated by terrestrial facies. In the Songliao Basin, a large number of thin-sand reservoirs are widely distributed, which are the primary targets of potential oil and gas exploration and exploitation. An important job of the exploration in the Songliao Basin is to accurately describe the distribution of these thin-sand belts and the sand-body shapes. However, the thickness of these thin-sand reservoirs are generally below the resolution of the conventional seismic processing. Most of the reservoirs are thin-interbeds of sand and mudstones with strong vertical and lateral variations. This makes it difficult to accurately predict the vertical and horizontal distribution of the thin-sand bodies using the conventional seismic processing and interpretation methods. Additionally, these lithologic traps are difficult to identify due to the complex controlling factor and distribution characteristics, and strong concealment. These challenges motivate us to improve the seismic data quality to help delineate the thin-sand reservoirs. In this paper, we use the broadband, wide-azimuth, and high-density integrated seismic exploration technique to help delineate the thin-reservoirs. We first use field single-point excitation and single-point receiver acquisition to obtain seismic data with wide frequency-bands, wide-azimuth angles, and high folds, which contain rich geological information. Next, we perform the near-surface Q-compensation, viscoelastic prestack time migration, seismic attributes, and seismic waveform indication inversion on the new acquired seismic data. The 3D case study indicates the benefits of improving the imaging of thin-sand body and the accuracy of inversion and reservoir characterization using the method in this paper.
Characterization of favorable lithofacies in tight sandstone reservoirs and its significance for gas exploration and exploitation: A case study of the 2nd Member of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Xinchang area, Sichuan Basin
