Eyewitnesses’ Pre-lineup Memory Strength Inferences Can Influence Identification Decisions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Brewer ◽  
Tick Zweck ◽  
Carmen A. Lucas ◽  
Matthew Guidolin
Keyword(s):  
Memory Strength

scholarly journals EEG Correlates of Old/New Discrimination Performance Involving Abstract Figures and Non-Words

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Monika Toth ◽  
Anke Sambeth ◽  
Arjan Blokland
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
New Item

The processing of pre-experimentally unfamiliar stimuli such as abstract figures and non-words is poorly understood. Here, we considered the role of memory strength in the discrimination process of such stimuli using a three-phase old/new recognition memory paradigm. Memory strength was manipulated as a function of the levels of processing (deep vs. shallow) and repetition. Behavioral results were matched to brain responses using EEG. We found that correct identification of the new abstract figures and non-words was superior to old item recognition when they were merely studied without repetition, but not when they were semantically processed or drawn. EEG results indicated that successful new item identification was marked by a combination of the absence of familiarity (N400) and recollection (P600) for the studied figures. For both the abstract figures and the non-words, the parietal P600 was found to differentiate between the old and new items (late old/new effects). The present study extends current knowledge on the processing of pre-experimentally unfamiliar figurative and verbal stimuli by showing that their discrimination depends on experimentally induced memory strength and that the underlying brain processes differ. Nevertheless, the P600, similar to pre-experimentally familiar figures and words, likely reflects improved recognition memory of meaningless pictorial and verbal items.

scholarly journals Memory Strength and Repetition Suppression: Multimodal Imaging of Medial Temporal Cortical Contributions to Recognition

Neuron ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Gonsalves ◽  
Itamar Kahn ◽  
Tim Curran ◽  
Kenneth A. Norman ◽  
Anthony D. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Repetition Suppression

scholarly journals Representational gain in cortical area underlies increase of memory strength

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 3793-3798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasia M. Bieszczad ◽  
Norman M. Weinberger
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Area ◽  
Memory Strength

Information propagation based on historical memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2050005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuzhong Nian ◽  
Anhui Cong ◽  
Rendong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Information Propagation ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Long Time ◽  
With Memory

This paper aims at the phenomenon of information selective propagation based on historical memory. A network model with memory strength and edge strength is established. The information propagation model with memory-clustering ability is designed with SIR model. And unsupervised learning is introduced to modify the performance. Based on the new network model, the core network and critical path that play a key role in the information propagation are found through the K-shell decomposition method. The research shows that the memory network contains an inertial channel for information propagation, it makes information propagation smooth. And information is selectively propagated in the new network, information is more inclined to propagate between nodes with powerful memory strength and close connections, in other words, people are more willing to propagate information to old friends who have been in contact for a long time instead of new friends.

scholarly journals Neural Systems for Memory-based Value Judgment and Decision-making

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1896-1923
Author(s):  
Avinash R. Vaidya ◽  
David Badre
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Life Choices ◽  
Value Judgment ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Schematic Knowledge

Real-life choices often require that we draw inferences about the value of options based on structured, schematic knowledge about their utility for our current goals. Other times, value information may be retrieved directly from a specific prior experience with an option. In an fMRI experiment, we investigated the neural systems involved in retrieving and assessing information from different memory sources to support value-based choice. Participants completed a task in which items could be conferred positive or negative value based on schematic associations (i.e., schema value) or learned directly from experience via deterministic feedback (i.e., experienced value). We found that ventromedial pFC (vmPFC) activity correlated with the influence of both experience- and schema-based values on participants' decisions. Connectivity between the vmPFC and middle temporal cortex also tracked the inferred value of items based on schematic associations on the first presentation of ingredients, before any feedback. In contrast, the striatum responded to participants' willingness to bet on ingredients as a function of the unsigned strength of their memory for those options' values. These results argue that the striatum and vmPFC play distinct roles in memory-based value judgment and decision-making. Specifically, the vmPFC assesses the value of options based on information inferred from schematic knowledge and retrieved from prior direct experience, whereas the striatum controls a decision to act on options based on memory strength.

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