scholarly journals Wintertime land surface characteristics in climatic simulations over the western Himalayas

2012 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
A P Dimri
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Land Surface Characteristics

scholarly journals Pan-Arctic linkages between snow accumulation and growing-season air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7575-7597 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Luus ◽  
Y. Gel ◽  
J. C. Lin ◽  
R. E. J. Kelly ◽  
C. R. Duguay
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Snow Season ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Land Surface Characteristics

Abstract. Arctic field studies have indicated that the air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation at a site influence the quantity of snow accumulated, and that snow accumulation can alter growing-season soil moisture and vegetation. Climate change is predicted to bring about warmer air temperatures, greater snow accumulation and northward movements of the shrub and tree lines. Understanding the responses of northern environments to changes in snow and growing-season land surface characteristics requires: (1) insights into the present-day linkages between snow and growing-season land surface characteristics; and (2) the ability to continue to monitor these associations over time across the vast pan-Arctic. The objective of this study was therefore to examine the pan-Arctic (north of 60° N) linkages between two temporally distinct data products created from AMSR-E satellite passive microwave observations: GlobSnow snow water equivalent (SWE), and NTSG growing-season AMSR-E Land Parameters (air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation transmissivity). Due to the complex and interconnected nature of processes determining snow and growing-season land surface characteristics, these associations were analyzed using the modern nonparametric technique of alternating conditional expectations (ACE), as this approach does not impose a predefined analytic form. Findings indicate that regions with lower vegetation transmissivity (more biomass) at the start and end of the growing season tend to accumulate less snow at the start and end of the snow season, possibly due to interception and sublimation. Warmer air temperatures at the start and end of the growing season were associated with diminished snow accumulation at the start and end of the snow season. High latitude sites with warmer mean annual growing-season temperatures tended to accumulate more snow, probably due to the greater availability of water vapor for snow season precipitation at warmer locations. Regions with drier soils preceding snow onset tended to accumulate greater quantities of snow, likely because drier soils freeze faster and more thoroughly than wetter soils. Understanding and continuing to monitor these linkages at the regional scale using the ACE approach can allow insights to be gained into the complex response of Arctic ecosystems to climate-driven shifts in air temperature, vegetation, soil moisture and snow accumulation.

scholarly journals Simulating the Effects of Land Surface Characteristics on Planetary Boundary Layer Parameters for a Modeled Landfalling Tropical Cyclone

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Corene J. Matyas
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Friction Velocity ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
Rain Rates ◽  
Land Surface Characteristics

This study examined whether varying moisture availability and roughness length for the land surface under a simulated Tropical Cyclone (TC) could affect its production of precipitation. The TC moved over the heterogeneous land surface of the southeastern U.S. in the control simulation, while the other simulations featured homogeneous land surfaces that were wet rough, wet smooth, dry rough, and dry smooth. Results suggest that the near-surface atmosphere was modified by the changes to the land surface, where the wet cases have higher latent and lower sensible heat flux values, and rough cases exhibit higher values of friction velocity. The analysis of areal-averaged rain rates and the area receiving low and high rain rates shows that simulations having a moist land surface produce higher rain rates and larger areas of low rain rates in the TC’s inner core. The dry and rough land surfaces produced a higher coverage of high rain rates in the outer regions. Key differences among the simulations happened as the TC core moved over land, while the outer rainbands produced more rain when moving over the coastline. These findings support the assertion that the modifications of the land surface can influence precipitation production within a landfalling TC.

Modelling Land-Surface Characteristics Under Precipitation in Typical Arid Region in China

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng WANG ◽  
Qiang ZHANG ◽  
Guo-An WEI
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Land Surface Characteristics

Improving TMPA 3B43 V7 Data Sets Using Land-Surface Characteristics and Ground Observations on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqiang Ma ◽  
Lianqing Zhou ◽  
Wu Yu ◽  
Yuanyuan Yang ◽  
Hongfeng Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
Land Surface Characteristics

scholarly journals Impact of Increasing Urban Density on Local Climate: Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Surface Energy Balance in Melbourne, Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Coutts ◽  
Jason Beringer ◽  
Nigel J. Tapper
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Housing Density ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Land Surface Characteristics

Abstract Variations in urban surface characteristics are known to alter the local climate through modification of land surface processes that influence the surface energy balance and boundary layer and lead to distinct urban climates. In Melbourne, Australia, urban densities are planned to increase under a new strategic urban plan. Using the eddy covariance technique, this study aimed to determine the impact of increasing housing density on the surface energy balance and to investigate the relationship to Melbourne’s local climate. Across four sites of increasing housing density and varying land surface characteristics (three urban and one rural), it was found that the partitioning of available energy was similar at all three urban sites. Bowen ratios were consistently greater than 1 throughout the year at the urban sites (often as high as 5) and were higher than the rural site (less than 1) because of reduced evapotranspiration. The greatest difference among sites was seen in urban heat storage, which was influenced by urban canopy complexity, albedo, and thermal admittance. Resulting daily surface temperatures were therefore different among the urban sites, yet differences in above-canopy daytime air temperatures were small because of similar energy partitioning and efficient mixing. However, greater nocturnal temperatures were observed with increasing density as a result of variations in heat storage release that are in part due to urban canyon morphology. Knowledge of the surface energy balance is imperative for urban planning schemes because there is a possibility for manipulation of land surface characteristics for improved urban climates.

Climate sensitivity to changes in land surface characteristics

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob O Sewall ◽  
Lisa Cirbus Sloan ◽  
Matthew Huber ◽  
Scott Wing
Keyword(s):  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Land Surface Characteristics

Soil-geomorphic significance of land surface characteristics in an arid mountain range, Mojave Desert, USA

CATENA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Hirmas ◽  
Robert C. Graham ◽  
Katherine J. Kendrick
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Land Surface Characteristics
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