scholarly journals Critical Differences Between Dietary Supplement and Prescription Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 656-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Hilleman ◽  
Barbara S. Wiggins ◽  
Michael B. Bottorff
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals α-Linolenic acid induces clearance of Tau seed via Actin-remodeling in Microglia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Eknath Desale ◽  
Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Actin Remodeling ◽  
Membrane Ruffling ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Tau seeds exhibit a detrimental role in the spread of disease in Alzheimer’s disease. These species are found to be neurotoxic and activate microglia. However, the activation of microglia in pro-inflammatory response further elevates neurodegeneration. Omega-3 dietary fatty acids, on the other hand; exert an anti-inflammatory response by microglia. Along with the receptor expression, omega-3 fatty acids influence various important cellular functions. The role of omega-3 fatty acids on actin remodeling, which is the basis of cellular functions such as migration and phagocytosis is not known. Here in this study, we focus on effect of dietary supplement of ALA on extracellular Tau internalization and assisted actin polymerization for the process. ALA is found to induce membrane ruffling and phagocytic cup formation along with cytoskeletal rearrangement to induce lamellipodia and filopodia at the front end to move forward and assist the cell to identify the target. ALA is observed to promote the internalization of Tau and necessary actin remodeling for phagocytosis. Methods α-Linolenic (ALA) acid has been used for the study. ALA was dissolved in 100% ethanol and solubilized at 50°C for 2 hours. The human Tau aggregates was prepared in vitro for the internalization study in microglia in presence of α-Linolenic acids (ALA) via fluorescence microscopy with Apotome. The studied the role α-Linolenic acids (ALA) actin remodeling in cellular processes in presence of Tau seed. The study of actin structures lamellipodia, filopodia, and membrane ruffling along with Iba-1 and Arp2/3 complex was observed on ALA exposure. Results Extracellular Tau species are found to internalize more presence of ALA in microglia. The extensive polarization and migration was observed as indicated by extensive lamellipodia and filopodia formation. The formation of extensive actin branching in lamellipodia and membrane ruffling was studied with the help of ARP2/3 complex for nucleating actin network. The high density of ARP2/3 complex at the leading ends of migratory microglia confirmed the extensive branching of actin filaments on ALA exposure. Enhanced formation of lamellipodia and filopodia helps in migration and internalization of tau seed. The actin dynamics supports the phagocytosis process. Conclusion Our approach provides the insights of beneficial role of ALA as anti-inflammatory dietary supplement to treat AD. ALA induces internalization of Tau and necessary actin remodeling for phagocytosis.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review of the Safety of Anti-COVID-19 Nutraceuticals for Patients with Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6094
Author(s):  
Karlen Stade Bader-Larsen ◽  
Elisabeth Anne Larson ◽  
Maria Dalamaga ◽  
Faidon Magkos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Pubmed Database

Interest in dietary supplements and their efficacy in treating and preventing disease has increased greatly since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients with cancer, we conducted a narrative review aiming to better understand the data on the safety of the most efficacious “anti-COVID-19” nutraceuticals for patients with cancer. We conducted a PubMed database search aimed at identifying the most effective nutrients for use against COVID-19. For the identified nutraceuticals, we searched PubMed again regarding their safety for patients with cancer. Fifty-four total records (52 independent studies) were retrieved, pertaining to vitamin D, vitamin C, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc. Vitamin D results from 23 articles indicated safe use, but two articles indicated potential harm. All 14 articles for vitamin C and five out of six articles for selenium indicated the safety of use (one study for selenium suggested harm with high-dose supplementation). Results for omega-3 fatty acids (seven articles) and zinc (one article), however, were rather mixed regarding safety. We conclude that vitamin D, vitamin C, and selenium supplements are likely safe or even beneficial at typically recommended doses; however, caution is urged with omega-3 fatty acid supplements, and zinc supplements should likely be avoided. More experimental research is needed, and nutraceutical use by patients with cancer should always be under the supervision of a healthcare team.

scholarly journals Associations of Omega-3 fatty acids with brain morphology and volume in cognitively healthy older adults: A narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 101300
Author(s):  
Tony Macaron ◽  
Kelly Virecoulon Giudici ◽  
Gene L. Bowman ◽  
Alan Sinclair ◽  
Elie Stephan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

scholarly journals α-Linolenic acid induces clearance of Tau seeds via Actin-remodeling in Microglia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Eknath Desale ◽  
Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Actin Remodeling ◽  
Membrane Ruffling

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is known by characteristic features, extracellular burden of amyloid-β and intracellular neuronal Tau. Microglia, the innate immune cell of the brain has the ability to clear the burden of accumulated proteins via phagocytosis. But the excessive proinflammatory cytokine production, altered cellular signaling and actin remodeling hampers the process of migration and phagocytosis by microglia. Actin remodeling is necessary to initiate the chemotactic migration of microglia towards the target and engulf it. The formation of lamellipodia, filopodia, membrane ruffling and rapid turnover of F-actin is necessary to sense the extracellular target by the cells. Omega-3 fatty acids, are known to impose anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia by enhancing its ability for migration and phagocytosis. But the role of omega-3 fatty acids in cellular actin remodeling, which is the basis of cellular functions such as migration and phagocytosis, is not well understood. Here, we have focused on the effect of dietary supplement of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on extracellular Tau internalization and assisted actin polymerization for the process. ALA is found to induce membrane ruffling and phagocytic cup formation along with cytoskeletal rearrangement. ALA also enhances the localization of Arp2/3 complex at the leading edge and its colocalization with F-actin to induce the actin polymerization. The excessive actin polymerization might help the cell to protrude forward and perform its migration. The results suggest that dietary supplement of ALA could play a neuroprotective role and slow down the AD pathology.

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