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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanna Victorovna Novikova ◽  
Sophie Mikhailovna Sergeeva ◽  
Dmitry Sergeevich Lavrinovich ◽  
Anton Alexeyevich Maksimkin

This research examined the scientific basis for an integrated approach to broadening bread and flour products. The effect of chia seeds on the organoleptic and physical-chemical indicators of the ”sweet bun” (brioche) was studied to substantiate the use of plant raw materials in the technology of bread and flour product preparation.Chia seeds contain essential amino acids, vitamins (mainly B), minerals (calcium, potassium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus and zinc) and antioxidants, so it is possible to use chia seeds to obtain a product that combines high organoleptic properties and is also enriched with essential substances. The findings from the organoleptic evaluation of the test specimens indicated that the added ingredients significantly affected the appearance, crust color and crumb condition;however,there was no change in the taste and smell of the pastry. The effect of chia seeds on the quality of the products during storage was assessed. It was found that when using chia seeds in the amount of 10% of the mass of flour, after 24 hours the decline in taste, smell,crumb elasticity and friabilitywas less noticeable. In addition, the analysis of the chemical composition of the brioche bun showed thatthe products with chia seeds were highly nutritious. Thus, the content of dietary fiber in the model specimen wastwo times higher than the values of the control specimen (10% of the daily requirement); the content of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids was equivalent to 87.9% and 19.2% of the daily requirement, respectively. The use of chia seeds in a butter bun recipe (brioche) therefore enables theexpansion of the range of food products enriched with essential ingredients. Keywords: bread and flour products, sweet bun, brioche, chia seeds


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Hongbin Guo ◽  
Jieyu Liang ◽  
Wenfeng Xiao ◽  
Yusheng Li

Objective: This study investigates the relationship between dietary omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) levels and sarcopenia.Methods: A comprehensive literature search in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase (up to July 2021) were conducted to identify the observational studies on the relationship between dietary omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs level and sarcopenia. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of sarcopenia for the highest vs. lowest dietary omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs level and the standard mean difference (SMD) of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs levels for sarcopenia vs. control subjects were calculated.Results: A total of six studies were identified in this meta-analysis. The overall multi-variable adjusted OR showed that dietary omega-3 PUFAs level was inversely associated with sarcopenia (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.26–0.65; P = 0.0001). Moreover, the overall combined SMD showed that the dietary omega-3 PUFAs level in sarcopenia was lower than that in control subjects (SMD = −0.19, 95% CI: −0.32 to −0.07; P = 0.002). With regard to dietary omega-6 PUFAs level, the overall multi-variable adjusted OR suggested no significant relationship between dietary omega-6 PUFAs level and sarcopenia (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.33–1.24; P = 0.19). However, the overall combined SMD showed that the dietary omega-6 PUFAs level in sarcopenia was slightly lower than that in control subjects (SMD = −0.15, 95% CI: −0.27 to −0.02; P = 0.02).Conclusion: Our results suggested that the dietary omega-3 PUFAs level was inversely associated with sarcopenia. However, current evidence is still insufficient to demonstrate the definite relationship between dietary omega-6 PUFAs levels and sarcopenia. More well-designed prospective cohort studies with the dietary omega-3/omega-6 PUFAs ratio are still needed.


2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Chaoxuan Wang ◽  
Jörg Enssle ◽  
Anne Pietzner ◽  
Christoph Schmöcker ◽  
Linda Weiland ◽  
...  

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Statins reduce morbidity and mortality of CAD. Intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality in patients with CAD. Previous data indicate that a higher conversion of precursor fatty acids (FAs) to arachidonic acid (AA) is associated with increased CAD prevalence. Our study explored the FA composition in blood to assess n-3 PUFA levels from patients with and without CAD. We analyzed blood samples from 273 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Patients were stratified according to clinically relevant CAD (n = 192) and those without (n = 81). FA analysis in full blood was performed by gas chromatography. Indicating increased formation of AA from precursors, the ratio of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) to AA, the delta-5 desaturase index (D5D index) was higher in CAD patients. CAD patients had significantly lower levels of omega-6 polyunsaturated FAs (n-6 PUFA) and n-3 PUFA, particularly EPA, in the blood. Thus, our study supports a role of increased EPA levels for cardioprotection.


2022 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Евгений Сергеевич Попов ◽  
Татьяна Васильевна Алексеева ◽  
Юлия Олеговна Калгина ◽  
Людмила Андреевна Албычева ◽  
Владимир Андреевич Шолин

Охрана репродуктивного здоровья предполагает множество направлений деятельности, в том числе мероприятия, направленные на коррекцию пищевого статуса мужчин и женщин репродуктивного возраста, особенно беременных и кормящих женщин. Объектом исследований являлся паштет печеночный профилактической и лечебной направленности с включением пищевой системы на основе альбумина пищевого, жмыха зародышей пшеницы и фасоли. Исследованы органолептические, функционально-технологические, реологические показатели качества и безопасности, микроструктура паштета, обоснованы параметры и режимы подготовки пищевой системы и готового изделия с ее применением. Установлено, что массовая доля таких нутриентов, как Fe, Zn, Na, P и водорастворимых витаминов (В и В), находилась на уровне 20 % и более от суточной потребности. Отмечено увеличение содержания в диапазоне от 20 до 50 % суточной потребности фолиевой кислоты, витаминов В, В, С и D, что позволяет отнести разработанный паштет к функциональному продукту. При этом содержание некоторых компонентов (Mn, Cu, витаминов В, В) превысило уровень 50 % суточной потребности, благодаря чему паштет также можно отнести к витаминизированным продуктам. Выявлено улучшение сбалансированности состава полиненасыщенных жирных кислот, в разработанном продукте соотношение омега-6 к омега-3 кислот соответствовало рекомендациям НИИ питания РАМН (5-10:1) и составляло соответственно (омега-6 : омега-3) 7:1. Биологическая ценность спроектированного паштета находится на высоком уровне и достигает значения 69,8 %, показатель КРАС 30,2 %, что свидетельствует о незначительном количестве избыточных аминокислот в белковой фракции продукта. The protection of reproductive health involves many areas of activity, including measures aimed at correcting the nutritional status of men and women of reproductive age, especially pregnant and lactating women. The object of research was liver pate of preventive and therapeutic orientation with the inclusion of a food system based on food albumin, wheat germ cake and beans. Organoleptic, functional-technological, rheological, quality and safety indicators, the microstructure of the pate are studied, the parameters and modes of preparation of the food system and the finished product with its use are justified. It was found that the mass fraction of nutrients such as iron, zinc, H, P and water-soluble vitamins (B and B) was at the level of 20 % or more of the daily requirement. There was an increase in the content of folic acid, vitamins B, B, C and D in the range from 20 to 50% of the daily requirement, which allows us to attribute the developed pate to a functional product. At the same time, the content of some components (manganese, copper, vitamins B, B) exceeded the level of 50 % of the daily requirement, so that the pate can also be attributed to fortified products. An improvement in the balance of the composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids was revealed, the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 acids in the developed product corresponded to the recommendations of the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (5-10:1) and was respectively (omega-6 : omega-3) 7:1. The biological value of the designed pate is at a high level and reaches a value of 69.8 %, the RED indicator (30.2 %), which indicates an insignificant amount of excess amino acids in the protein fraction of the product.


Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Akemi T. Wijayabahu ◽  
Angela M. Mickle ◽  
Volker Mai ◽  
Cynthia Garvan ◽  
Toni L. Glover ◽  
...  

Elevated inflammatory cytokines and chronic pain are associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a measure of cellular aging. Micronutrients, such as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D) and omega 3, have anti-inflammatory properties. Little is known regarding the relationships between vitamin D, omega 6:3 ratio, LTL, inflammation, and chronic pain. We investigate associations between vitamin D, omega 6:3 ratio, LTL, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in people living with/without chronic pain overall and stratified by chronic pain status. A cross-sectional analysis of 402 individuals (63% women, 79.5% with chronic pain) was completed. Demographic and health information was collected. Chronic pain was assessed as pain experienced for at least three months. LTL was measured in genomic DNA isolated from blood leukocytes, and micronutrients and CRP were measured in serum samples. Data were analyzed with general linear regression. Although an association between the continuous micronutrients and LTL was not observed, a positive association between omega 6:3 ratio and CRP was detected. In individuals with chronic pain, based on clinical categories, significant associations between vitamin D, omega 6:3 ratio, and CRP were observed. Findings highlight the complex relationships between anti-inflammatory micronutrients, inflammation, cellular aging, and chronic pain.


2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Maranda Thompson ◽  
Arzu Ulu ◽  
Ana G. Yuil-Valdes ◽  
Maheswari Mukherjee ◽  
Melissa Thoene ◽  
...  

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are important for neonatal development and health. One mechanism by which omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids exert their effects is through their metabolism into oxylipins and specialized pro-resolving mediators. However, the influence of oxylipins on fetal growth is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify oxylipins present in maternal and umbilical cord plasma and investigate their relationship with infant growth. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify oxylipin levels in plasma collected at the time of delivery. Spearman’s correlations highlighted significant correlations between metabolite levels and infant growth. They were then adjusted for maternal obesity (normal body mass index (BMI: ≤30 kg/m2) vs. obese BMI (>30 kg/m2) and smoking status (never vs. current/former smoker) using linear regression modeling. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Our study demonstrated a diverse panel of oxylipins from the lipoxygenase pathway present at the time of delivery. In addition, both omega-3 and omega-6 oxylipins demonstrated potential influences on the birth length and weight percentiles. The oxylipins present during pregnancy may influence fetal growth and development, suggesting potential metabolites to be used as biomarkers for infant outcomes.


Foods ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Emanuele Rinninella ◽  
Lara Costantini

The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP), in its last consensus statement about prebiotics, defined polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as “candidate prebiotics” due to a lack of complete scientific evidence. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of microbiota to metabolize PUFAs, although the role of the resulting metabolites in the host is less known. Recent partial evidence shows that these metabolites can have important health effects in the host, reinforcing the concept of the prebiotic action of PUFAs, despite the data being mostly related to omega-6 linoleic acid and to lactobacilli taxon. However, considering that the symbionts in our gut benefit from the nutritional molecules that we include in our diet, and that bacteria, like all living organisms, cannot benefit from a single nutritional molecule, the concept of the “correct prebiotic diet” should be the new frontier in the field of gut microbiota research.


2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. O. Ahmed ◽  
A. Mahdy ◽  
S. A. M. Nasser ◽  
K. F. Abd El-Wakeil ◽  
A. H. Obuid-Allah ◽  
...  

Abstract In the present study, the biochemical composition of some Echinodermata (Holothuroidea, Echinoidea) from the Red Sea, Egypt was investigated. The results showed that the highest percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was in Holothuria nobilis and the lowest percentage was recorded in Holothuria scabra. The highest percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was recorded in Pearsonothuria graeffei while the lowest percentage was recorded in Holothuria atra. The highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was recorded in Holothuria nobilis and the lowest percentage was recorded in Holothuria atra. The highest percentage of omega-3 fatty acids was recorded in Stichopus hermanni however, the lowest percentage was recorded in Diadema setosum. The highest percentage of omega-6 fatty acids was recorded in Bohadschia vitiensis where, the lowest percentage was recorded in Holothuria atra. In addition, nonessential amino acid (NEAA) glycine were the highest in all species and serine was the lowest while Essential amino acid (EAA) arginine was the highest and cysteine was the lowest. All of the NEAA recorded highest concentrations in S. hermanni except proline. The recorded essential amino acids were histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and leucine. The latter was high in Pearsonothuria graeffei. Tyrosine, valine, threonine, and arginine were high in Stichopus hermanni. The present study proved that sea cucumbers has great nutritional value.


2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1430-1435
Author(s):  
Olga M. Zhurba ◽  
Alexey V. Merinov ◽  
Anton N. Alekseenko ◽  
Irina V. Kudaeva

Introduction. Vibration is one of the leading unfavourable physical factors of the working environment and leads to vibration disease (VD) development. The study of metabolic profiles of markers of fatty acids (FA) metabolism is one of the directions in the early diagnosis of vascular diseases and metabolic syndrome (MS), caused, among other things, by exposure to vibration. The aim of this work is to study the spectrum of esterified fatty acids of the omega-3 and omega-6 families in the blood of patients with vibration disease (VD) and combination with metabolic syndrome (MS). Materials and methods. The study involved 66 people, divided into two groups: Group I - 34 patients with an established diagnosis of VD; Group II - 32 patients with an established diagnosis of VD in combination with metabolic syndrome (MS). The levels of esterified forms (EF) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the ω-3 and ω-6 families in blood plasma samples were determined using the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on an Agilent 7890A gas chromatograph with an Agilent 5975C mass selective detector. Results. The distribution of quantitative indices of PUFA of the ω-3 and ω-6 families in the examined groups was studied. In VD patients with MS, compared with VD patients, there was a statistically significant increase in the level of eicosapentaenoic, α-linolenic acids of the ω-3 family, the sum of ω-3 PUFAs, γ-linolenic and linoleic acids of the ω-6 family. Conclusion. The study of the quantitative indices of EF of the families ω-3 and ω-6 in the blood plasma of VD patients with MS showed the levels of ω-6 to be 4.5-5.4 times statistically higher than the levels of ω-3 fatty acids.


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