scholarly journals Mortars and plasters - How to characterize mortar and plaster degradation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Francesco La Russa ◽  
Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Essential Tool ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThe degradation of mortars and plasters can represent a threat for their preservation. That is why a deep understanding of the degradation mechanisms and the identification of degradation patterns is strongly recommended for who is in charge of conservation of archaeological sites and of built heritage in general. Here, it has been described what are the main degrading agents that can be detected on mortars and plasters and how they act to produce degradation. Moreover, an overview of the analyses which can be carried out directly on site and in laboratory as well has been reported. The knowledge that can be achieved by using such methods represents an essential tool to set up a suitable conservation plan. In addition, a more detailed analysis can also have a research purpose, since they can be useful to clarify some mechanisms and interactions that still remain unclear.

Documentation et gestion du patrimoine archéologique de la chaîne montagneuse tuniso-libyenne via l'utilisation des nouvelles technologies : résultats préliminaires

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Héla Mekki
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Direct Evaluation ◽  
Nouvelles Technologies ◽  
Data Assessment ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Indirect Evaluation ◽  
Management And Conservation

Abstract The mountain range formed by Jebels Matmata, Demmer and Nefoussa which links the two countries, Tunisia and Libya, is strewn with archaeological remains that are little known today, due in part to the rugged terrain which makes it difficult to see them. This issue has been helped by the use of new technologies, in this case remote sensing and QGIS software. Archaeological evidence has been uncovered and more than 3,900 sites and monuments have been detected on the sides of these mountains. In addition to the inventory of unknown archaeological sites, the main aim of the work was to draw up a management and conservation plan to provide, with an order of priority, a strategy for the safeguard and conservation of the mountain heritage. This management plan was only possible through a correlation of three data: assessment of values, identification of threats, and study of the state of conservation. These components were studied using an indirect evaluation based on satellite imagery and direct evaluation through field visits.

A New Quadtree-Based Skyline Query Algorithm

2014 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Run Tao Liu ◽  
Yuan Jing Chen ◽  
Da Yong Cao ◽  
De Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Index Structure ◽  
Skyline Query ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Query Algorithm

In this paper, the index structure, PR-quadtree for spatial data, is used to store data for a database. The properties of the quadtree are studied. With the properties prunning rules are set up for searching the Skyline set of the data stored in the quadtree. Through detailed analysis for the tree the method of finding some approximate skyline points is designed, by which a new skyline searching algorithm is given. The new algorithm is more effective.

scholarly journals The Role of Archaeology in Forming Greek National Identity and its Embodiment in European Identity

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-458
Author(s):  
Olga Katsiardi-Hering
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Roman Antiquity ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
Greek World ◽  
Of Greece

The murder of Johann Joachim Winckelmann, for many the ‘founder of archaeology’, in 1768 in a Trieste inn, did not mean the end for his work, which could be said to have been the key to understanding ancient Greece, which Europe was re-discovering at the time. In the late Enlightenment, Neoclassicism, followed by Romanticism, elevated classical, Hellenistic and Roman antiquity, and archaeological research, to the centre of academic quests, while the inclusion of archaeological sites in the era’s Grand Tours fed into a belief in the ‘Regeneration’/‘Wiedergeburt’ of Greece. The Modern Greek Enlightenment flourished during this same period, the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, with a concomitant classicizing turn. Ancient Greek texts were republished by Greek scholars, especially in the European centres of the Greek diaspora. An admiration for antiquity was intertwined into the Neohellenic national identity, and the first rulers of the free Greek State undertook to take care of the nation’s archaeological monuments. In 1837, under ‘Bavarian rule’, the first Greek University and the ‘Archaeological Society of Greece in Athens’ were set up. Archaeologists flocked to Greece and those parts of the ancient Greek world that were still part of the Ottoman Empire. The showcasing of classical monuments, at the expense of the Byzantine past, would remain the rule until the latter half of the nineteenth century. Modern Greek national identity was primarily underpinned by admiration for antiquity, which was viewed as a source of modern Hellenism, and for ‘enlightened, savant, good-governed Europe’. Today, the ‘new archaeology’ is striving to call these foundations into question.

Effect of Rock on Cement Sheath Integrity: Shale vs. Sandstone

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnhild Skorpa ◽  
Benjamin Werner ◽  
Torbjørn Vrålstad
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pressure Cycling ◽  
Cement Sheath ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Casing Pressure ◽  
Radial Cracks

Abstract It is crucial to understand cement sheath degradation mechanisms, since the cement sheath is an important well barrier element. Repeated pressure cycling is known to cause radial cracks and microannuli in the cement sheath, and the stiffness of the surrounding rock determines how much pressure the cement withstands before failure. However, experimental data on the effect of surrounding rock (shale vs. sandstone) on cement sheath integrity are scarce. In this paper we present experimental studies on how different surrounding rocks influence cement sheath integrity. We have used our unique downscaled experimental set-up to perform pressure cycling tests with both shale and sandstones, where cement sheath integrity is visualized in 3D by X-ray computer tomography (CT). The obtained results confirm that a cement sheath surrounded by a rock with a relative higher Young’s modulus can withstand higher casing pressure compared to a cement sheath surrounded by rock with relative lower Young modulus. All cracks were initially observed as small defects in the cement sheath prior to expanding to full radial cracks and propagation into the surrounding formation.

scholarly journals Mortar Dating Methodology: Assessing Recurrent Issues and Needs for Further Research

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1859-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roald Hayen ◽  
Mark Van Strydonck ◽  
Laurent Fontaine ◽  
Mathieu Boudin ◽  
Alf Lindroos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Intercomparison Study ◽  
Sample Preparation Methods ◽  
Historic Stone

AbstractAbsolute dating of mortars is crucial when trying to pin down construction phases of archaeological sites and historic stone buildings to a certain point in time or to confirm, but possibly also challenge, existing chronologies. To evaluate various sample preparation methods for radiocarbon (14C) dating of mortars as well as to compare different dating methods, i.e. 14C and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), a mortar dating intercomparison study (MODIS) was set up, exploring existing limits and needs for further research. Four mortar samples were selected and distributed among the participating laboratories: one of which was expected not to present any problem related to the sample preparation methodologies for anthropogenic lime extraction, whereas all others addressed specific known sample preparation issues. Data obtained from the various mortar dating approaches are evaluated relative to the historical framework of the mortar samples and any deviation observed is contextualized to the composition and specific mineralogy of the sampled material.

Characteristics of Bifacial-Reduction Flake-Size Distribution

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leland W. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Archaeological Sites

Bifacial-reduction experiments suggest that the characteristics of flake-size distribution can be employed to detect bifacial-reduction activities at archaeological sites. However, data on bifaces in various stages of completion as well as on by-product flakes are necessary for detailed analysis of the biface-manufacturing sequence.

scholarly journals The Archaeology of Neolithic Cooking Traditions: Archaeobotanical Approaches to Baking, Boiling and Fermenting

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorian Q. Fuller ◽  
Lara Gonzalez Carretero
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Cooking Practices ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Archaeobotanical Remains ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Early Historic

The Neolithic was not only a shift in how food was obtained, through farming, but it also set up long-lasting traditions in how foods were prepared and cooked. Archaeologists have increasingly recognized regionally distinctive emphases on cereal preparations, such as baked breads or boiled porridges that characterize different Neolithic traditions. While these can be inferred through features, such as ovens on archaeological sites, it has become possible to recognize the charred crumbs of past breads, batters or porridges from typical charred archaeobotanical assemblages. We illustrate recent developments in micro-structural analysis of such remains, including wheat breads from Neolithic and pre-Neolithic western Asia, and sorghum breads and porridges from Early Historic (Meroitic) Sudan. The study of such archaeobotanical remains has great potential to help map the distribution of cereal cooking practices in time and space.

scholarly journals Insect Marks on Bones from La Guillerma Archaeological Locality (Salado River Depression, Buenos Aires, Argentina)

Quaternary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Paula D. Escosteguy ◽  
Alejandro E. Fernandez ◽  
María Isabel González
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Faunal Assemblage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Salado River ◽  
Bone Remains

The La Guillerma archaeological locality is located in the northeast sector of Buenos Aires province (Argentina). Two of its sites (LG1 and LG5), dated between ca. 1400- and 600-years BP, have a great amount of faunal remains including deer, rodents, fish and small birds that are subjected to taphonomic agents and processes (e.g., weathering, manganese, roots). Previous studies have shown osteophagic behaviour in different insects (e.g., Coleoptera, Blattodea). In this paper, we evaluate their incidence on La Guillerma faunal assemblage. We performed an analysis on marks that were identified in bone remains of various taxa and applied the criteria for identifying bone alteration by insects (i.e., by measuring each trace and comparing them with the types of insect marks described in the literature). Fifteen specimens (LG1 = 6 and LG5 = 9) exhibited different types of modifications (e.g., pits with striae in base, pits with emanating striae, striations) that are related to the action of insects. Although the proportion of affected bones is low in relation to the total sample, we highlight our study as the first detailed analysis of insect marks on archaeological bones from Argentina. We also emphasize the significance of addressing insect-produced modifications on Argentinean archaeological sites.

scholarly journals Management of built heritage via HBIM Project: A case of study of flooring and tiling

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Juan Enrique Nieto ◽  
Juan José Moyano ◽  
Fernando Rico Delgado ◽  
Daniel Antón García
Keyword(s):  
Building Information Modelling ◽  
Historic Building ◽  
Information Modelling ◽  
Charles V ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Graphic Information ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Set Up

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a collaborative system that has been fully developed in the design and management of industries involved in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sectors. There are, however, very few studies aimed at managing information models in the field of architectural and cultural heritage interventions. This research therefore proposes an innovative methodology of analysis and treatment of the information based on a representative 3D graphic model of the flooring and wall tiling of a historic building. The objective is to set up a model of graphic information which guarantees the interoperability of the aforementioned information amongst the diverse disciplines intervening in the conservation and restoration process. The Pavillion of Charles V, a Renaissancecharacterised building located in outdoor areas of the Alcazar of Seville, Spain, was selected for the study. This work constitutes a project of intervention based on Heritage or Historic Building Information Modelling, called the “HBIM Project”.

Documenting Archaeological Sites on Mountains and Slopes with Drones

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-352
Author(s):  
Luis Jaime Castillo ◽  
Fabrizio Serván ◽  
Karla Patroni
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Andean Region ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Single Set

ABSTRACTThe addition of drones to the archaeologist's toolbox has brought about exciting new possibilities, particularly for field research and the conservation and protection of our built heritage. As drones become more widely available and effective, the challenge of precision becomes more important. Better georeferencing and higher-resolution outputs are the current thresholds. In order to achieve the second objective with our current equipment, drones have to fly closer to the ground and, ideally, follow the elevation of the surface. This task can be extremely complicated along the steep surfaces and mountains typical to the Andean region where we work. In this article, we present a recording (flying and photographing) methodology that achieves a higher ground resolution by dividing up the sites into several altitudinal sections, which are flown independently yet processed photogrammetrically as a single set. We have named this methodology “Flying Slopes in Multiple Stepped Polygons.”

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