Trends and Future Prospects of the Drowsiness Detection and Estimation Technology

Drowsiness is among the important factors that cause traffic accidents; therefore, a monitoring system is necessary to detect the state of a driver’s drowsiness. Driver monitoring systems usually detect three types of information: biometric information, vehicle behavior, and driver’s graphic information. This review summarizes the research and development trends of drowsiness detection systems based on various methods. Drowsiness detection methods based on the three types of information are discussed. A prospect for arousal level detection and estimation technology for autonomous driving is also presented. In the case of autonomous driving levels 4 and 5, where the driver is not the primary driving agent, the technology will not be used to detect and estimate wakefulness for accident prevention; rather, it can be used to ensure that the driver has enough sleep to arrive comfortably at the destination.

Method of the optical recognition of technical documentation and the transformation of graphic information into machine-readable form for cognitive analysis

The paper proposes the implementation of the method of optical recognition of technical documentation and the transformation of graphic information into a machine-readable form available for cognitive analysis, which is based on the methods of binarization and alignment of images, text segmentation and recognition. The use of the proposed method will provide a dramatic reduction in the costs of cataloging, checking the completeness and inventory of documentation, as well as an increase in design quality due to the semantic analysis of documentation using a knowledge base that is updated automatically. The article presents the development of the algorithm for optical recognition of a document, preparation of an image for optical recognition of a document, an example of the application of the Sauvola method for binarization of an image, and an analysis of the research results. The proposed implementation allows the text recognition on scanned/photographed documents.

Using Multimedia Materials in the Teaching of Scientific and Technical Translation

Information technology has changed the professional environment of scientific and technical translators, who must work with new formats and channels of information. To meet these new challenges, translation teachers must place special emphasis on the importance of the non-textual information evolving around multimedia texts and adopt a more dynamic approach towards audiovisual translation (A VT). In this paper, we argue for the inclusion of graphic information as a new focus for A VT, and present the results of a research project aimed at designing teaching materials for audiovisual, scientific and technical translation. These materials highlight the potential benefits of audiovisual resources for all users in the acquisition of subject field knowledge and terminology and the constraints imposed on translation by visual and acoustic material.

Post Trauma: Memory as a Catalyst

<p><b>In literary fictional readings, underlying allegorical ideas arise for todays architectural landscapes, both literally and figuratively. This design-led research thesis emerges from Andreas Huyssen’s allegorical theories of ruins as factual indicators that records ruins as palimpsests of historical events as an ongoing process (Huyssen, 2010, p. 17). The layering of graphic information is such that the past happenings merge with the present explorations to create a distinct narrative in itself. This represents a provocative and enigmatic allegorical response to the loss of forgotten landscapes in architecture today: Post Trauma. This investigation thus seeks to interrogate architectural ruins scattered at Perano Whaling Station as repositories for collective memory through enacting allegorical interpretations — challenging the conventions of historical fragments through [re]presentational techniques, weaving them into an experiential narrative. This narrative builds upon these forgotten scars as palimpsests — interpreting and [re]interpreting their [re]purpose — rather than removal from existence all together. Huyssen’s theories of enigmatic experiential ruins acts as an allegorical provocateur, the initial point of immersion — an evocative starting point to engage in the [re]presentation of Perano’s context. The PeranoStation, much like all ruins, possesses a liminal characteristic on its remaining spaces. An eerie threshold to a brutal past, aggressively carved into the landscape and its inhabitation.</b></p> <p>These scars act as a literal portal to evocative experiences — an act of trying to understand a traumatised landscape. The need for distinctive architectural elements that can translatethe essence and experiences of this liminal and transitional space, between both sides of a threshold; past and present, presence and absence, living and dissolving.</p> <p>Tim Edensor intrinsically positions ruins as a ‘fragile and ephemeral place’ (DeSilvey and Edensor, 2012, p. 472). Alice Mah also shows in her study ‘Industrial Ruination, Community, and Place’, ruin[ation] may be ‘a lived process’ in which memory is rooted in the experience of decline. “The present has not moved far from the past, and the future is at best uncertain” (DeSilvey and Edensor, 2012, p. 410). This can be understood as a response to the views of architectural ruins as monuments left behind by collapsed destruction and unfulfilled dreams; existing outside therealms of productive structure. The problem this thesis aims to address is not the visual problem of sight, but the visceral problem of drawing — using different mediums to read traces of past happenings. It is through this act of drawing that engagement with Virgil Abloh’s ‘Purist’ and ‘Tourist’ mentalities that this thesis began “Playing with mediums and materials to make an expression” as Abloh notes (HighMuseum, 2020).</p> <p>Including drawing as a medium of speculative inquiry to [re]interpret Perano Whaling Station’s contextual scarring; layering and juxtaposing information built upon the architectural narrative and proposition. This questions drawings role in architectural interrogation and how it can erase preconceived notions. This is motivated by a personal journey of engagement with such erasure, it took moments of critical reflection upon these scars, to try imagine them as mnemonic devices. Triggering a conversation within ourselves — reflecting on these transformations — toggling between the ‘Purist’ and ‘Tourist’ mindsets that Virgil Abloh poses for excavating and expressing modern design to an audience.</p>

Post Trauma: Memory as a Catalyst

<p><b>In literary fictional readings, underlying allegorical ideas arise for todays architectural landscapes, both literally and figuratively. This design-led research thesis emerges from Andreas Huyssen’s allegorical theories of ruins as factual indicators that records ruins as palimpsests of historical events as an ongoing process (Huyssen, 2010, p. 17). The layering of graphic information is such that the past happenings merge with the present explorations to create a distinct narrative in itself. This represents a provocative and enigmatic allegorical response to the loss of forgotten landscapes in architecture today: Post Trauma. This investigation thus seeks to interrogate architectural ruins scattered at Perano Whaling Station as repositories for collective memory through enacting allegorical interpretations — challenging the conventions of historical fragments through [re]presentational techniques, weaving them into an experiential narrative. This narrative builds upon these forgotten scars as palimpsests — interpreting and [re]interpreting their [re]purpose — rather than removal from existence all together. Huyssen’s theories of enigmatic experiential ruins acts as an allegorical provocateur, the initial point of immersion — an evocative starting point to engage in the [re]presentation of Perano’s context. The PeranoStation, much like all ruins, possesses a liminal characteristic on its remaining spaces. An eerie threshold to a brutal past, aggressively carved into the landscape and its inhabitation.</b></p> <p>These scars act as a literal portal to evocative experiences — an act of trying to understand a traumatised landscape. The need for distinctive architectural elements that can translatethe essence and experiences of this liminal and transitional space, between both sides of a threshold; past and present, presence and absence, living and dissolving.</p> <p>Tim Edensor intrinsically positions ruins as a ‘fragile and ephemeral place’ (DeSilvey and Edensor, 2012, p. 472). Alice Mah also shows in her study ‘Industrial Ruination, Community, and Place’, ruin[ation] may be ‘a lived process’ in which memory is rooted in the experience of decline. “The present has not moved far from the past, and the future is at best uncertain” (DeSilvey and Edensor, 2012, p. 410). This can be understood as a response to the views of architectural ruins as monuments left behind by collapsed destruction and unfulfilled dreams; existing outside therealms of productive structure. The problem this thesis aims to address is not the visual problem of sight, but the visceral problem of drawing — using different mediums to read traces of past happenings. It is through this act of drawing that engagement with Virgil Abloh’s ‘Purist’ and ‘Tourist’ mentalities that this thesis began “Playing with mediums and materials to make an expression” as Abloh notes (HighMuseum, 2020).</p> <p>Including drawing as a medium of speculative inquiry to [re]interpret Perano Whaling Station’s contextual scarring; layering and juxtaposing information built upon the architectural narrative and proposition. This questions drawings role in architectural interrogation and how it can erase preconceived notions. This is motivated by a personal journey of engagement with such erasure, it took moments of critical reflection upon these scars, to try imagine them as mnemonic devices. Triggering a conversation within ourselves — reflecting on these transformations — toggling between the ‘Purist’ and ‘Tourist’ mindsets that Virgil Abloh poses for excavating and expressing modern design to an audience.</p>

INTRODUCTION OF 3D MODELING IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS DIFFERENT VIEWS ON THE DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF MODEL AND MODELING

В данной статье анализируются процессы адекватного решения вопросов об организованном и неорганизованном обучении и так называемом наглядном обучении, а также о воспитательном пространстве и о соотношении воспитания и визуализации в образовании, а точнее о процессе представления графической информации визуально и кинестетическим способом с помощью инновационно-информационных технологий. Проведенный нами анализ показал, что умение моделировать в среде трехмерной компьютерной графики позволяет ученику рассмотреть все фигуры при обучении пространственным фигурам в школе. This article analyzes the processes of adequate solution of questions about organized and unorganized learning and the so-called visual learning, as well as about the educational space and the relationship of education and visualization in education, or rather about the process of presenting graphic information visually and kinesthetically using innovative information technologies. Our analysis showed that the ability to model in the environment of three-dimensional computer graphics allows the student to consider all the figures when teaching spatial figures at school.

NEGRAFICKÁ DATA A JEJICH STRUKTURA PRO VYUŽITÍ LCA V BIM

The article deals with the data structure for the purpose of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of buildings using the Building Information Model (BIM). LCA is a method that can be used to demonstrate the suitability of proposed materials, structures, or buildings in terms of their whole life cycle and its environmental impact. For the LCA evaluation it is crucial to obtain life cycle inventory (LCI) input data. The aim of the article is to define a BIM data structure for LCI purposes. The new methodology is based on standardization of non-graphic information model data structure called SNIM. Advantages of the proposed methodology have been demonstrated on the case study. These results are useful for expanding the BIM model with new data necessary for further LCA calculations.

The patient journey map: Improving the emergency department communication experience for patients and their family and friends

The patient journey map: Improving the emergency department communication experience for patients and their family and friends. Stephanie VandenBerg, Heather Hair, Gillian Harvey, Eddy Lang, David Stringer Background: The 2013 Urban and Regional Emergency Department (ED) Patient Experience Report indicates that the most important factor influencing a patients’ ED experience is a combination of staff care and communication. Lack of communication in the emergency room experience can be addressed by design methods and processes. The Emergency Strategic Care NetworkTM assembled an interdisciplinary team of experts from various clinical, academic, and information design backgrounds to engage patients, families and providers to improve the ED intake experience. This innovative partnership resulted in the development of a graphic information system that directs, informs and educates patients in EDs in Alberta. Implementation: Using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) framework, focus groups were conducted to understand the communication needs of emergency department patients. An information design specialist co-created a graphic information system (the patient journey map) and worked with AHS communications to ensure it met AHS guidelines. Patients were then approached to participate in a 14-question survey about the usability and accuracy of the journey map as well as the impact it had on their ED visit. Our team consisted of Heather Hair, Executive Director of the (ESCN) who provided leadership in identifying communication as a key area for improvement and coordinating ED partners and patient involvement. Gillian Harvey is an assistant professor of Design Studies at the University of Alberta. She used the data collected in focus groups to design a 2-D communication map. David Stringer acted as project manager for the implementation and evaluation of the journey map. Stephanie Vandenberg is an emergency physician and was responsible for designing the evaluation strategy including research methods and data analysis. An official journey map is now available to print for emergency departments across Alberta. Evaluation Methods: The objective was to understand what information ED patients require during their visit to better understand the process by which they are triaged and receive care. Data collection consisted of a 10-minute, 14 question interview. Each question allowed for positive, neutral or negative feedback to capture unintended consequences of the journey map. Quantitative demographic and journey map-specific variables were collected and reported as frequencies. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis with thematic codes developed and assigned to the qualitative responses. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis was undertaken by two members of the research team. Responses were analyzed against the demographic variable of age category to determine if age impacts communication needs and desired medium of communication in the ED. Results: Seven hospitals took part in this survey, conducted between September 1, 2019 and May 5, 2020. 162 emergency department patients participated. Most people agreed that the journey map clarified the ED patient process and accurately reflected their experience of the ED journey. The journey map did not seem to make the wait less confusing. Participants reported the journey map was good at helping them understand the overall emergency department intake process and did a good job of helping them understand the reason for waiting/delays. The journey map was excellent at helping the participant understand why specific tests/treatments were needed but was poor at helping them to understand the total time it would take them to be seen.

An approach to creating application software for modeling of the deep heat processes (on the example of modeling non-stationary thermal conductivity above a mantle plume in the VLADI GEAD 4.0 MODULE)

The work substantiates the necessity and considers the methodology of own (by the researcher-modeler’s own effort) development of special applied software as a tool for modeling geological processes. The concept of a mantle plume as a system of mantle-crustal migrants, sequentially rising from the core to the fragile earth’s crust through a solid plastic mantle medium by the magma- and/or fluid fracture, is presented. A tool for computer modeling of thermal disturbance above a mantle plume in the process of its vertical development with the ability to save, process and interpret the obtained numerical and graphic information is proposed. Dependences are obtained between the depths of vertical propagation of the plume, geometric and temperature intervals of relaxation of thermal disturbance in the host medium, and geodynamic parameters. A method for assessing the thermal expansion of a medium based on the values of internal iterative variables during program execution is proposed.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPACT METHODS REPRESENTATIONS OF GRAPHIC INFORMATION

The main characteristics of graphic information compression methods with losses and without losses (RLE, LZW, Huffman's method, DEFLATE, JBIG, JPEG, JPEG 2000, Lossless JPEG, fractal and Wawelet) are analyzed in the article. Effective transmission and storage of images in railway communication systems is an important task now. Because large images require large storage resources. This task has become very important in recent years, as the problems of information transmission by telecommunication channels of the transport infrastructure have become urgent. There is also a great need for video conferencing, where the task is to effectively compress video data - because the greater the amount of data, the greater the cost of transmitting information, respectively. Therefore, the use of image compression methods that reduce the file size is the solution to this task. The study highlights the advantages and disadvantages of compression methods. The comparative analysis the basic possibilities of compression methods of graphic information is carried out. The relevance lies in the efficient transfer and storage of graphical information, as big data requires large resources for storage. The practical significance lies in solving the problem of effectively reducing the data size by applying known compression methods.